一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，年齡最小至3個月的嬰兒能預(yù)計(jì)其他人使用最有效率的運(yùn)動去執(zhí)行諸如搜索物體等動作,。
Amy Skerry及其同事探索了一種主張，即人們只有在有進(jìn)行類似活動的第一手經(jīng)驗(yàn)的時候才能理解其他人的由目的引導(dǎo)的動作,。這組作者研究了3個月大的嬰兒,，他們通常尚不能伸手去抓握物體。
這組作者使用尼龍搭扣覆蓋的物體以及尼龍搭扣連指手套從而讓一些嬰兒練習(xí)成功地取回這些物體,。然后所有這些嬰兒都觀看了一個人把手伸過一個障礙物去抓一個物體,，然后，一旦這個障礙物被移走,，這個人直接伸手去抓這個物體或者繼續(xù)沿弧線去抓,，仿佛障礙物沒有被移走。即便這些練習(xí)抓物體的嬰兒從未越過障礙去抓物體,，一旦這個障礙物被移走,，他們會預(yù)計(jì)這個動作者會直接去抓這個問題。另一些嬰兒的反應(yīng)并不取決于這個動作者伸手去抓是否有效率,。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示嬰兒只有在自己做過類似動作之后才能理解其他人的動作,。
然而，這組作者說,，這些嬰兒認(rèn)識有效率的動作能力超越了他們從自身對物體的動作中學(xué)到的東西,，這提示嬰兒擁有對目的引導(dǎo)的動作有某種一般的理解。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.1312322110
First-person action experience reveals sensitivity to action efficiency in prereaching infants
Amy E. Skerry1， Susan E. Carey,， and Elizabeth S. Spelke
Do infants learn to interpret others’ actions through their own experience producing goal-directed action,， or does some knowledge of others’ actions precede first-person experience Several studies report that motor experience enhances action understanding， but the nature of this effect is not well understood. The present research investigates what is learned during early motoric production,， and it tests whether knowledge of goal-directed actions,， including an assumption that actors maximize efficiency given environmental constraints， exists before experience producing such actions. Three-month-old infants (who cannot yet effectively reach for and grasp objects) were given novel experience retrieving objects that rested on a surface with no barriers. They were then shown an actor reaching for an object over a barrier and tested for sensitivity to the efficiency of the action. These infants showed heightened attention when the agent reached inefficiently for a goal object,； in contrast,， infants who lacked successful reaching experience did not differentiate between direct and indirect reaches. Given that the infants could reach directly for objects during training and were given no opportunity to update their actions based on environmental constraints， the training experience itself is unlikely to have provided a basis for learning about action efficiency. We suggest that infants apply a general assumption of efficient action as soon as they have sufficient information (possibly derived from their own action experience) to identify an agent’s goal in a given instance.
