安溪鐵觀音是我國(guó)的經(jīng)典名茶之一,，在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展中扮演著重要的角色,，但其生產(chǎn)和外銷過(guò)程中受到各種環(huán)境和品質(zhì)的困擾。當(dāng)?shù)卣娃r(nóng)戶為解決這些問(wèn)題做了大量的探索,，但推廣應(yīng)用舉步維艱,。原因何在？應(yīng)該如何解決,？要解決這些問(wèn)題,，首先要做的就是對(duì)主要模式系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行多層次的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)定量分析與評(píng)價(jià)，找出關(guān)鍵原因,，然后才能對(duì)癥下藥,。
針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，華南植物園生態(tài)及環(huán)境科學(xué)研究中心碩士研究生曾憲曙在導(dǎo)師陸宏芳副研究員的指導(dǎo)下,，綜合運(yùn)用能值,、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法，定量分析評(píng)價(jià)安溪鐵觀音茶葉從育苗,、種植到加工3個(gè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)下的9種生產(chǎn)模式的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)特性,。其研究表明：種植亞系統(tǒng)采用有機(jī)肥代替部分化肥，可有效的減少外界資源對(duì)系統(tǒng)的負(fù)載壓力,，提升系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)能力,；然而，由于目前有機(jī)肥和人力投入的成本相對(duì)較高,，混合使用有機(jī)肥和化肥的生產(chǎn)模式比全部使用化肥生產(chǎn)模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益要低,；在同等規(guī)模下使用自家生產(chǎn)的茶青進(jìn)行加工，能夠提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和可持續(xù)發(fā)展,?；实倪^(guò)量施用和勞動(dòng)力效率低是當(dāng)前制約安溪茶葉種植系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的主要因素。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Ecological Engineering http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.09.004
Integrated emergy and economic evaluation of tea production chains in Anxi, China
Xianshu Zenga, Hongfang Lu, Daniel E. Campbell, Hai Ren
Emergy and economic methods were used to evaluate and compare tea production systems in Anxi, China. Tea production was classified into three phases, i.e., the nursery, the plantation and tea processing, and each phase was evaluated. The results showed that the nursery subsystems were profitable with an economic output/input ratio of 2.86. However, the inclusion of a nursery had no significant influence on the sustainability of the tea plantation system, because it was a small part of the total input to the system. Applying organic fertilizer to replace 66% of the chemical fertilizer decreased the pressure of chemical loading on the environment, and as a result the cultivation phase's emergy sustainability index (ESI) increased 2.10 times. However, due to the relatively high price of organic fertilizer and the labor to spread it, the economic output/input ratio (1.61) of the mixed organic and chemical fertilizer mode was less than that of the chemical fertilizer mode (1.80). If all the tea leaves used in the processing phase were produced on the farm, instead of purchased from outside, about 30% of the economic cost of processing could be saved, and as a result the economic output/input ratio would increase by 41%; the ESI would increase 5.48 times and the emergy index for sustainable development (EISD) would increase 11.05 times. The overuse of chemical fertilizer and low productivity of labor are key problems that need to be solved for further optimization of the Anxi tea plantation systems.
