一次無力的握手所透露的信息或許比這個男人告訴你的還要多,。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，強(qiáng)健的握力是遺傳健康的一項(xiàng)指標(biāo),。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將握力與侵略性行為和性行為聯(lián)系起來,，甚至使人們有機(jī)會了解欺凌弱小者的那些人的心理狀態(tài)。
握手的力度（HGS）是一種遺傳特征,；一個人的握力大約有65%是由遺傳因素決定的,，而剩下的35%則取決于后天訓(xùn)練和發(fā)育因素，例如營養(yǎng)等,。之前的研究將HGS與不同的生理?xiàng)l件指標(biāo)聯(lián)系在一起,，其中包括骨骼密度和壽命。美國紐約州奧爾巴尼大學(xué)的進(jìn)化心理學(xué)家Gordon Gallup指出：“這是一個關(guān)于健康和活力的普遍適用的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),。”
為了搞清HGS是否也能反映性別與社會行為,，Gallup和他的同事從大學(xué)中招募了143名學(xué)生。研究小組測量了他們的握力和與吸引力有關(guān)的解剖學(xué)變量——男性的肩臀比以及女性的腰臀比,。每名志愿者同時還完成了一份有關(guān)性行為（包括發(fā)生第一次性接觸的年齡以及性伴侶數(shù)目）和高中及初中階段的侵略性行為的調(diào)查問卷,。
結(jié)果顯示，女性志愿者的HGS與性歷史或社會行為之間并沒有相關(guān)性,。但具有高HGS的男性發(fā)生性行為的時間相對更早,，并且具有更多的性伴侶，同時在高中更為好斗（盡管他們在初中并非如此）,。根據(jù)Gallup的推斷,，支配其他人和較早及頻繁交配是一些能夠由基因傳遞的特征。他說：“我相信,，HGS是健康的一個誠實(shí)指標(biāo),。”此外，HGS與一個人的肌肉狀況有關(guān),，而后者則與人的健康水平具有直接關(guān)系,。研究小組在11月出版的《進(jìn)化與人類行為》（Evolution and Human Behavior）雜志上報(bào)告了這一研究成果。
而其他專家則對這些研究結(jié)果抱有不同看法,。英國中央蘭開夏大學(xué)的進(jìn)化心理學(xué)家John T. Manning便指出,，這項(xiàng)研究并沒有對志愿者的種族進(jìn)行劃分——在其他樣本中，種族差異的平均分布能夠使這種趨勢減弱或增強(qiáng),。而根據(jù)Gallup的解釋,，大學(xué)校規(guī)禁止詢問學(xué)生的種族,，甚至要求匿名,。
澳大利亞圣露西婭市昆士蘭大學(xué)的進(jìn)化心理學(xué)家Bill von Hippel指出,，很多令人興奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)都與侵略性行為有關(guān)。von Hippel表示,，橫行霸道被視為“一種低自尊和缺乏自信的產(chǎn)物”,。實(shí)際上，這些數(shù)據(jù)表明,，對于那些強(qiáng)壯的男性而言,，這種行為是一種改變社會地位的方法。
英文原文：
Handshake: Window on Your Genes?
By Benjamin Lester
ScienceNOW Daily News
9 November 2007
A limp handshake might say more about a man than he'd like to admit. According to new research, a firm grip is an indicator of genetic fitness. The findings link grip strength to aggressive behavior and sexual history and might provide insight into the mindsets of bullies.
Hand grip strength (HGS) is an inherited trait; about 65% of a person's grip strength is genetically determined, whereas the remaining 35% depends on training and developmental factors such as nutrition. Past studies have connected HGS to various measures of physical condition, including bone density and longevity. "It's a ubiquitous measure of health and vitality," says evolutionary psychologist Gordon Gallup of the University at Albany in New York state.
To find out whether HGS also reflects sexual and social behaviors, Gallup and his colleagues recruited 143 undergraduates from the university. The team measured their grip strength and anatomical variables linked to attractiveness--shoulder-to-hip ratio for men and waist-to-hip ratio for women. Each participant also completed a survey about sexual history (including age at first sexual encounter and number of partners) and middle and high school bullying behaviors.
The female participants showed no correlations between HGS and sexual history or social behaviors, the team reports in this month's issue of Evolution and Human Behavior. But men with high HGS started having sex sooner, reported more sexual partners, and were more aggressive during high school (although not middle school). According to Gallup, asserting dominance over others and mating early and often are attributes that help pass along one's genes. "Our conclusion is that hand-grip strength is an honest indicator of fitness," he says, adding that whereas HGS is related to overall muscularity, the latter is "nowhere near?as closely linked to health as is HGS.
Other experts have varying takes on the results. Evolutionary psychologist John T. Manning of the University of Central Lancashire in the United Kingdom frets that the study did not control for the ethnicity of the participants; racial differences in average size could make the trends weaker or stronger in other sample groups. (According to Gallup, university regulations prohibit asking about race, even anonymously.)
Evolutionary psychologist Bill von Hippel of the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia, says that the most exciting finding is the bullying link. Bullying is seen as "a product of low self-esteem and self-doubt," says von Hippel. These data suggest that, instead, it's a method of jockeying for status, chosen by strong men who excel at it.
