耶魯大學(xué)的研究者繪制了水稻遺傳特性的細(xì)胞圖譜，非常詳細(xì)地說明了在活體生物體內(nèi)細(xì)胞中基因的開關(guān)時(shí)間,。研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在2009年1月4日的《自然—遺傳學(xué)》（Nature Genetics）上,。
在為期5年的研究工作中，產(chǎn)生了海量數(shù)據(jù),，記錄了世界上最重要的水稻的生命周期中關(guān)鍵的40種不同細(xì)胞的差異和相似性,。分子、細(xì)胞和發(fā)育生物學(xué)教授Timothy Nelson說：“所有的谷物都會從這張圖譜提供的知識及其衍生出來的工具而收益,。例如,，科學(xué)家希望能從其中發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)責(zé)光合作用的基因網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這有助于提高食品和生物質(zhì)能源的產(chǎn)量,。”
這個(gè)圖譜是由細(xì)胞的特殊轉(zhuǎn)錄組所組成的,，大量的資料組很好的注釋了水稻30000種基因中，每一種的相對活性及其對應(yīng)的細(xì)胞類型,。研究中涉及的40個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄組可以在40中細(xì)胞中對每個(gè)基因的活性進(jìn)行比對,，包括根、莖和胚芽的不同發(fā)育時(shí)期的細(xì)胞,。最后,，耶魯大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)希望能再增加40種不同類型細(xì)胞的數(shù)據(jù)，并在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布,，供全世界的研究者使用,。
Nelson說，“這種圖譜為研究人員提供了一種很獨(dú)特的資源——關(guān)于不同細(xì)胞中基因與基因的關(guān)系,，如何產(chǎn)生組織,、器官和是全株植物發(fā)揮功能的可以為人們所理解的數(shù)據(jù)。許多重要類型細(xì)胞非常難以收集,，因此對圖譜的解讀也是在技術(shù)上取得的一項(xiàng)重要成就,。
圖譜的數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助研究者區(qū)分在細(xì)胞的不同階段中起作用的基因、提供確定基因在機(jī)體形成中所扮演角色的線索,，另外科學(xué)家還可以找出關(guān)鍵的持家基因——那些在所有細(xì)胞整個(gè)周期中都起關(guān)鍵作用的基因,。這些數(shù)據(jù)是深層發(fā)掘任何基因或者生物學(xué)過程中細(xì)胞信息的重要資源,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Nature Genetics，doi:10.1038/ng.282,，Yuling Jiao,，Timothy Nelson
A transcriptome atlas of rice cell types uncovers cellular, functional and developmental hierarchies
Yuling Jiao1,3,4, S Lori Tausta1,4, Neeru Gandotra1,4, Ning Sun2,4, Tie Liu1,3,4, Nicole K Clay1,3, Teresa Ceserani1,3, Meiqin Chen1,3, Ligeng Ma1,3, Matthew Holford2, Hui-yong Zhang1,3, Hongyu Zhao2, Xing-Wang Deng1 & Timothy Nelson1
The functions of the plant body rely on interactions among distinct and nonequivalent cell types. The comparison of transcriptomes from different cell types should expose the transcriptional networks that underlie cellular attributes and contributions. Using laser microdissection and microarray profiling, we have produced a cell type transcriptome atlas that includes 40 cell types from rice (Oryza sativa) shoot, root and germinating seed at several developmental stages, providing patterns of cell specificity for individual genes and gene classes. Cell type comparisons uncovered previously unrecognized properties, including cell-specific promoter motifs and coexpressed cognate binding factor candidates, interaction partner candidates and hormone response centers. We inferred developmental regulatory hierarchies of gene expression in specific cell types by comparison of several stages within root, shoot and embryo.
1 Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA, and Peking-Yale Joint Research Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
2 Center for Statistical Genomics and Proteomics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
3 Present addresses: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA (Y.J.); Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (T.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA (N.K.C.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada (T.C.); Peking-Yale Joint Research Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (M.C.); National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China (L.M. and H.-Y.Z.).
4 These authors contributed equally to this work.
