大自然自有一套規(guī)律能夠保持物種的獨(dú)立:大多數(shù)雜種有機(jī)體——例如騾子和獅虎——都是不能繁殖的,。然而隱藏在這種現(xiàn)象背后的機(jī)制卻一直沒有搞清,,如今,科學(xué)家相信,,他們已經(jīng)抓住了導(dǎo)致這一切的遺傳因素,。
為更多地了解是什么原因?qū)е挛锓N分離,,以及新物種是如何形成的,巴黎市法國國立農(nóng)業(yè)研究所的生物學(xué)家Olivier Loudet將目光投向了水芹(Arabidopsis thaliana),,這是一種來自于十字花科的野草,。研究人員在2000年對全部的水芹基因組進(jìn)行了測序,并進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的遺傳分析工作,。同時,,由于有許多種群在世界各地生長,從而使水芹具有豐富的遺傳多樣性,。
Loudet和同事抽取了兩個水芹種群樣本——它們分別來自波蘭和大西洋中部的佛得角群島,。研究人員隨即注意到一個細(xì)微的遺傳差異:佛得角群島水芹的5號染色體上的一個與組氨酸有關(guān)的基因的一個副本被刪除了,同時它在波蘭水芹的1號染色體中也根本沒有表達(dá),。當(dāng)這兩種遺傳性變型通過雜交結(jié)合在一起后,,11%的晶胚死亡。其他雜交植物的根則明顯短于正常植物的根系,,并伴有其他疾病,。研究人員認(rèn)為,這兩種結(jié)果都與組氨酸的供給不足有關(guān),。研究人員在最新出版的美國《科學(xué)》雜志上報告了這一研究成果,。
由其他的30個水芹種群產(chǎn)生的雜交植物有1/4是無法繁殖的。Loudet認(rèn)為,,這意味著單一基因的進(jìn)化能夠在一個物種中迅速導(dǎo)致差異,。
美國布盧明頓市印第安納大學(xué)的進(jìn)化遺傳學(xué)家Leonie Moyle認(rèn)為,這一研究結(jié)果非常“令人興奮”,,這是因為它發(fā)現(xiàn)了相同物種的“血統(tǒng)”在遺傳上存在不相容的第一個明顯例證,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science,Vol. 323. no. 5914, pp. 623 - 626,,David Bikard,,Olivier Loudet
Divergent Evolution of Duplicate Genes Leads to Genetic Incompatibilities Within A. thaliana
David Bikard,1 Dhaval Patel,2 Claire Le Metté,1 Veronica Giorgi,1 Christine Camilleri,1 Malcolm J. Bennett,2 Olivier Loudet1*
Genetic incompatibilities resulting from interactions between two loci represent a potential source of postzygotic barriers and may be an important factor in evolution when they impair the outcome of interspecific crosses. We show that, in crosses between strains of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, loci interact epistatically, controlling a recessive embryo lethality. This interaction is explained by divergent evolution occurring among paralogs of an essential duplicate gene, for which the functional copy is not located at the same locus in different accessions. These paralogs demonstrate genetic heterogeneity in their respective evolutionary trajectories, which results in widespread incompatibility among strains. Our data suggest that these passive mechanisms, gene duplication and extinction, could represent an important source of genetic incompatibilities across all taxa.
1 Genetics and Plant Breeding, INRA, SGAP UR254, F-78026 Versailles, France.
2 Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.