在最新一期的Science雜志中,發(fā)表了一篇來自羅切斯特大學(xué)蔣如朗教授的文章,,蔣教授主要從事遺傳學(xué)研究,目前主要研究的方面是頭面部的發(fā)育過程中的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子調(diào)控機(jī)制,,最近幾年,,蔣如朗教授實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Osr2,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Osr2在上顎的發(fā)育過程中有重要的控制作用,。
今年,,蔣教授進(jìn)一步探索Osr2轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的功能,新的研究結(jié)論解開了一個(gè)大自然的秘密,。
這個(gè)秘密就是,,人只長(zhǎng)一排牙齒的秘密。生物世界是多樣化的,,我們的牙齒也不例外,,每一種動(dòng)物都有獨(dú)特的牙齒特征。比如說,,鯊魚的牙齒,,鯊魚的牙床上不像我們?nèi)祟愐粯又婚L(zhǎng)出一排牙齒,鯊魚的牙床上長(zhǎng)有2-3排牙齒,。
人的牙床上只有一排牙齒,,這是我們認(rèn)知的一個(gè)常識(shí),沒有人曾經(jīng)思考過這個(gè)問題,,究竟有什么的發(fā)育調(diào)控機(jī)制控制著單排牙齒的生長(zhǎng)呢,?
研究上顎發(fā)育的遺傳學(xué)家蔣如朗教授今年揭開了這個(gè)謎底,原來,,在發(fā)育期間有兩個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在控制牙齒的發(fā)育,。一個(gè)是Msx1,一個(gè)是Osr2,,Msx1是1994年哈佛大學(xué)的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,,Osr2是蔣教授在2001年發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。
據(jù)文章介紹,,Msx1是一個(gè)促進(jìn)牙齒生長(zhǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,,而Osr2是一個(gè)與Msx1產(chǎn)生拮抗的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,如果缺乏Osr2的拮抗作用會(huì)導(dǎo)致多生牙的發(fā)生,。就是靠著Msx1和Osr2之間的拮抗作用,,哺乳動(dòng)物的牙齒最終長(zhǎng)成一排。這道理有點(diǎn)像中國的五行相生相克的原理,,通過相互控制最終達(dá)到一個(gè)和諧的境地,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science 27 February 2009:DOI: 10.1126/science.1167418
Antagonistic Actions of Msx1 and Osr2 Pattern Mammalian Teeth into a Single Row
Zunyi Zhang,1* Yu Lan,1* Yang Chai,2 Rulang Jiang1
Mammals have single-rowed dentitions, whereas many nonmammalian vertebrates have teeth in multiple rows. Neither the molecular mechanism regulating iterative tooth initiation nor that restricting mammalian tooth development in one row is known. We found that mice lacking the transcription factor odd-skipped related-2 (Osr2) develop supernumerary teeth lingual to their molars because of expansion of the odontogenic field. Osr2 was expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient and restricted expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4), an essential odontogenic signal, in the developing tooth mesenchyme. Expansion of odontogenic field in Osr2-deficient mice required Msx1, a feedback activator of Bmp4 expression. These findings suggest that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway propagates mesenchymal activation for sequential tooth induction and that spatial modulation of this pathway provides a mechanism for patterning vertebrate dentition.
1 Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.