美國奧勒岡州大學(xué)大學(xué)神經(jīng)心理科學(xué)系的科學(xué)家最近在研究rs53576基因多態(tài)性的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn),,該基因的多態(tài)性與人類同情心的產(chǎn)生有很大的關(guān)聯(lián),相關(guān)成果文章發(fā)表在PNAS在線版上。
有些人僅觀察他人的臉就很快知道,,你度過了糟糕的一天,而有些人似乎對此很遲鈍,。這種更容易體會他人心情的行為被稱為,,同理心、同情心,,這對我們的日常社交活動是很重要的,。
奧勒岡州大學(xué)的神經(jīng)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為,同理心的產(chǎn)生是由一種荷爾蒙所調(diào)控的,,這種荷爾蒙就是催產(chǎn)素,。科學(xué)家們招募了部分志愿者參與實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),,受催產(chǎn)素的影響,,志愿者更愿意相信他人。
科研人員確認(rèn),,rs53576編碼區(qū)與催產(chǎn)素的分泌有關(guān),,這直接影響人類的社交行為,自閉癥的發(fā)生也與其有關(guān),。
rs53576編碼區(qū)是位于OXTR基因的5’端內(nèi)含子區(qū)域,。催產(chǎn)素受體(oxytocin receptor,OXTR)基因動物研究表明,垂體神經(jīng)肽oxytocln(OT)對社交和認(rèn)知功能有影響,。,。Oxytocin受體廣泛地存在于腦的邊緣系統(tǒng),在不同種類之間分布差異很大,,即使在非常接近的種類中,,也在不同腦區(qū)表達(dá)。事實(shí)上,,到日前為為止幾乎所有已檢查的種類都有各自獨(dú)特的oxytocin受體表達(dá)形式,。許多研究顯示,oxytocin神經(jīng)通路異??梢越忉尮陋?dú)癥的許多方面如重復(fù)行為,、認(rèn)知障礙、神經(jīng)發(fā)育的改變等,。因此,,oxytocin 受體作為神經(jīng)通路的重要環(huán)節(jié),其異??赡芤鹕鐣袨閾p害,,如孤獨(dú)癥的某些特征性行為,oxytocin 受體基因可能參與孤獨(dú)癥的發(fā)生與發(fā)展,。
在另一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)中,,科學(xué)家給自愿者們觀察不同的圖像,每個(gè)圖像上顯示一個(gè)人的眼部表情,,志愿者觀察這些圖片后選擇表達(dá)圖片含義的句子,,如好玩或是安慰,志愿者選擇認(rèn)同的形容詞,。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,自閉癥患者在這個(gè)測試中顯得表現(xiàn)不佳,自閉患者對他人情緒的感知力顯然比較差,。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,自閉癥患者的rs53576編碼區(qū)的拷貝發(fā)生了變異,正常人群擁有G拷貝版本,而自閉患者擁有A拷貝版本,。這些差異導(dǎo)致了自閉患者與正常人之間的認(rèn)知差異,。
這表明,G型rs53576編碼區(qū)的人群有更強(qiáng)的社交能力,,他們能通過他人的面部表情而獲得社交線索,,而A型rs53576編碼區(qū)的人群社交能力貧瘠,他們無法通過面部表情而獲得社交線索,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
PNAS November 23, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909579106
Oxytocin receptor genetic variation relates to empathy and stress reactivity in humans
Sarina M. Rodriguesa,b,1,2, Laura R. Saslowc,1,2, Natalia Garciac, Oliver P. Johna,c and Dacher Keltnerc
aInstitute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
bDepartment of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
cDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Oxytocin, a peptide that functions as both a hormone and neurotransmitter, has broad influences on social and emotional processing throughout the body and the brain. In this study, we tested how a polymorphism (rs53576) of the oxytocin receptor relates to two key social processes related to oxytocin: empathy and stress reactivity. Compared with individuals homozygous for the G allele of rs53576 (GG), individuals with one or two copies of the A allele (AG/AA) exhibited lower behavioral and dispositional empathy, as measured by the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test and an other-oriented empathy scale. Furthermore, AA/AG individuals displayed higher physiological and dispositional stress reactivity than GG individuals, as determined by heart rate response during a startle anticipation task and an affective reactivity scale. Our results provide evidence of how a naturally occurring genetic variation of the oxytocin receptor relates to both empathy and stress profiles.