美國聯(lián)合利華公司開展的一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示，與同卵雙胞胎姐妹發(fā)色幾乎一樣相比,，異卵雙胞胎姐妹的頭發(fā)灰度確實(shí)存在差異,，而造成這種差異的主要原因是基因，這表明基因?qū)ε允欠裆装l(fā)有重要的影響,。相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在美國《公共科學(xué)圖書館·綜合》（PLoS One）雜志上。
科學(xué)家研究了200對(duì)年齡介于59歲到81歲之間的同卵雙胞胎和異卵雙胞胎后得出了上述結(jié)論,。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，同卵雙胞胎姐妹的頭發(fā)灰度幾乎沒有差異，這意味著她們不同的生活方式對(duì)是否生白發(fā)的影響微乎其微,；而異卵雙胞胎頭發(fā)灰度的差異則是源于基因,。另外,，科學(xué)家也發(fā)現(xiàn)，同卵雙胞胎經(jīng)歷同樣的脫發(fā)過程和程度,，而異卵雙胞胎的情況并不一樣,，這也表明基因在起作用。
然而,，在兩組雙胞胎之間,，頭頂上頭發(fā)稀疏的程度沒有太大的差異，說明這種情況更多地是由環(huán)境和生活習(xí)慣等因素造成的,。
聯(lián)合利華的資深科學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·戈恩表示,，這項(xiàng)研究表明，環(huán)境因素并不如人們認(rèn)為的那么重要,。遺傳因素讓女性從額前開始脫發(fā),；而環(huán)境和生活習(xí)慣是造成女性頭頂頭發(fā)稀疏的主要原因。當(dāng)然,，還需要更進(jìn)一步的研究來了解環(huán)境因素和生活習(xí)慣是如何導(dǎo)致這種情況發(fā)生的,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
更多相關(guān)研究：
Nature Genetics：特殊基因變異造就白馬
Science：發(fā)現(xiàn)“無毛”基因
FASEB J：心理壓力會(huì)讓你的頭發(fā)變白嗎？
Cell：色素干細(xì)胞損傷致使黑發(fā)變白
生物谷推薦原始出處：
PLoS ONE 4(12): e8021. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008021
Why Some Women Look Young for Their Age
David A. Gunn1*, Helle Rexbye2, Christopher E. M. Griffiths3, Peter G. Murray1, Amelia Fereday1, Sharon D. Catt1, Cyrena C. Tomlin1, Barbara H. Strongitharm1, Dave I. Perrett4, Michael Catt5, Andrew E. Mayes1, Andrew G. Messenger6, Martin R. Green1, Frans van der Ouderaa7, James W. Vaupel8, Kaare Christensen2
1 Unilever Discover, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom, 2 The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, 3 Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom, 4 Perception Lab, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom, 5 Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 6 Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 7 Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands, 8 Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
The desire of many to look young for their age has led to the establishment of a large cosmetics industry. However, the features of appearance that primarily determine how old women look for their age and whether genetic or environmental factors predominately influence such features are largely unknown. We studied the facial appearance of 102 pairs of female Danish twins aged 59 to 81 as well as 162 British females aged 45 to 75. Skin wrinkling, hair graying and lip height were significantly and independently associated with how old the women looked for their age. The appearance of facial sun-damage was also found to be significantly correlated to how old women look for their age and was primarily due to its commonality with the appearance of skin wrinkles. There was also considerable variation in the perceived age data that was unaccounted for. Composite facial images created from women who looked young or old for their age indicated that the structure of subcutaneous tissue was partly responsible. Heritability analyses of the appearance features revealed that perceived age, pigmented age spots, skin wrinkles and the appearance of sun-damage were influenced more or less equally by genetic and environmental factors. Hair graying, recession of hair from the forehead and lip height were influenced mainly by genetic factors whereas environmental factors influenced hair thinning. These findings indicate that women who look young for their age have large lips, avoid sun-exposure and possess genetic factors that protect against the development of gray hair and skin wrinkles. The findings also demonstrate that perceived age is a better biomarker of skin, hair and facial aging than chronological age.
