武漢大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院何光存教授實(shí)驗(yàn)室與國內(nèi)同行合作,，經(jīng)過14年的研究，近日在水稻抗褐飛虱基因克隆和抗蟲分子機(jī)理方面取得重大突破,，成功分離了抗褐飛虱基因Bph14,，研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在最新一期美國《國家科學(xué)院院刊》（Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，PNAS）上,。該論文第一作者為博士生杜波和張維林,。這是國際上應(yīng)用圖位克隆法(map-based cloning)分離得到的第一例水稻抗蟲基因,。
一直以來，人們對(duì)水稻如何能抗蟲感到困惑不解,，何光存教授實(shí)驗(yàn)室的該項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果揭示了這一機(jī)制,。水稻抗褐飛虱基因Bph14就像一個(gè)“哨兵”，當(dāng)褐飛虱危害水稻時(shí),，該基因就可感知到這一信號(hào),，并將信號(hào)傳達(dá)到細(xì)胞核，調(diào)動(dòng)其他基因的抗蟲機(jī)制,，抑制害蟲的取食和消化,，使害蟲的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育受阻，害蟲死亡率上升,，從而使水稻免受危害,。
水稻抗褐飛虱基因Bph14的成功克隆，將促進(jìn)水稻抗稻飛虱育種研究快速發(fā)展,，從而為少打農(nóng)藥,、減少糧食損失，發(fā)展環(huán)境友好型和資源節(jié)約型農(nóng)業(yè)做出重要貢獻(xiàn),。
據(jù)了解,，稻飛虱是水稻生產(chǎn)中最重要的蟲害之一，近年來我國水稻的稻飛虱發(fā)生面積達(dá)幾億畝,?？茖W(xué)家們期望通過提高水稻品種抗性防治稻飛虱。上世紀(jì)60年代以來,，全世界科學(xué)家從水稻農(nóng)家品種和野生稻轉(zhuǎn)育材料中鑒定出了20多個(gè)抗褐飛虱基因位點(diǎn),，但是一直沒有克隆到這些基因，水稻抗蟲性的分子機(jī)理也不甚明了,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
PNAS December 14, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912139106
Identification and characterization of Bph14, a gene conferring resistance to brown planthopper in rice
Bo Dua,1, Weilin Zhanga,1, Bingfang Liua, Jing Hua, Zhe Weia, Zhenying Shia, Ruifeng Hea, Lili Zhua, Rongzhi Chena, Bin Hanb and Guangcun Hea,2
aKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Plant Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; and
bNational Center for Gene Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
Planthoppers are highly destructive pests in crop production worldwide. Brown planthopper (BPH) causes the most serious damage of the rice crop globally among all rice pests. Growing resistant varieties is the most effective and environment-friendly strategy for protecting the crop from BPH. More than 19 BPH-resistance genes have been reported and used to various extents in rice breeding and production. In this study, we cloned Bph14, a gene conferring resistance to BPH at seedling and maturity stages of the rice plant, using a map-base cloning approach. We show that Bph14 encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, and leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein. Sequence comparison indicates that Bph14 carries a unique LRR domain that might function in recognition of the BPH insect invasion and activating the defense response. Bph14 is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles, the site of BPH feeding. Expression of Bph14 activates the salicylic acid signaling pathway and induces callose deposition in phloem cells and trypsin inhibitor production after planthopper infestation, thus reducing the feeding, growth rate, and longevity of the BPH insects. Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rice defense against insects and facilitates the development of resistant varieties to control this devastating insect.
