據(jù)國(guó)外媒體報(bào)道,,近日,科研人員經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的研究后發(fā)現(xiàn),,蜂后和南美切葉蟻后在一生中只有一天的性生活,。在這特殊的一天中,蜂后和南美切葉蟻后和多個(gè)雄性性交,,儲(chǔ)存大量精子,,其數(shù)量足夠其用來繁衍后代。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),,雄性蜜蜂或南美切葉蟻的精液可以在15分鐘內(nèi)殺死對(duì)手50%的精子,,而蜂后和南美切葉蟻后同時(shí)也會(huì)選擇合適的時(shí)機(jī)分泌出一種液體,保護(hù)最強(qiáng)壯的精子不受傷害,。
西澳大利亞大學(xué)鮑里斯·貝爾(Boris Baer)稱,,雄性蜜蜂或雄性南美切葉蟻與蜂后或蟻后交配時(shí),它們的精液可以殺死對(duì)手的精子,,而精液在以前一直認(rèn)為只是提供能量的含糖液體,。同時(shí),研究者還發(fā)現(xiàn)峰后或蟻后往往可以選擇強(qiáng)壯的精子留在體內(nèi),,以便繁衍后代,。
貝爾和從丹麥哥本哈根大學(xué)來的同事一起,揭開了雄性蜜蜂和南美切葉蟻精液的秘密,。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),,雄性蜜蜂或南美切葉蟻的精液可以在15分鐘內(nèi)殺死對(duì)手50%的精子,。貝爾說:“看起來是用精液殺死對(duì)手的精子。”
研究小組在熊蜂身上開展進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn),。雌性熊蜂是一夫一妻制的忠實(shí)擁躉,,在一生中只和一個(gè)雄性熊蜂性交。正如期望的那樣,,由于精子沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,,沒有受到任何傷害。貝爾說,,雄性昆蟲的精液在一妻多夫制時(shí)可以保護(hù)和提高自身精子的生存率,。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明,如脊椎動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)一樣,,精液中具有識(shí)別“自身”和“非自身”的東西,。
貝爾和他的同事還發(fā)現(xiàn),南美切葉蟻后會(huì)分泌一種液體,,可以阻止精液殺死對(duì)手精子,。貝爾說,蟻后能夠控制液體分泌的時(shí)機(jī),,以便讓最強(qiáng)壯的精子能夠留存體內(nèi)來繁衍后代,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1184709
Seminal Fluid Mediates Ejaculate Competition in Social Insects
Susanne P. A. den Boer,1 Boris Baer,2,3 Jacobus J. Boomsma1,*
Queens of ants and bees normally obtain a lifetime supply of sperm on a single day of sexual activity, and sperm competition is expected to occur in lineages where queens receive sperm from multiple males. We compared singly mated (monandrous) and multiply mated (polyandrous) sister groups of ants and bees and show that seminal fluid of polyandrous species has a more positive effect on the survival of a male’s own sperm than on other males’ sperm. This difference was not observed in the monandrous species, suggesting that incapacitation of competing sperm may have independently evolved in both bees and ants. In Atta leafcutter ants, the negative effect of the seminal fluid of other males was negated by secretion from the queen sperm-storage organ, suggesting that queens may control ejaculate competition after sperm storage.