美國圣猶達兒童研究醫(yī)院的一項研究顯示,,在學習與記憶腦區(qū)的正常發(fā)育中,,一種名為Prox1的基因扮演關鍵角色,,能確保產(chǎn)生新的顆粒細胞,而顆粒細胞對形成新的記憶是必須的,。Prox1基因在人的整個一生都保持活性,,且對哺乳動物意義重大。研究首次詳細解釋了Prox1基因在腦區(qū)中的功能,,論文發(fā)表在8月17日的《公共科學圖書館—生物學》(PLoS Biology)上,。
研究目標集中于大腦中的海馬齒狀回,這里控制著記憶和學習功能的形成,,也是顆粒細胞下層的發(fā)源地,,神經(jīng)干細胞在這里分化成顆粒細胞。在齒狀回區(qū)域,,神經(jīng)干細胞不斷產(chǎn)生前體細胞,,最終分化成神經(jīng)元。
Prox1是一種轉錄因子,。早期的研究提出,,在齒狀回生長過程中Prox1基因被表達,它在某些癌癥中也起一定作用,。最新研究詳細解釋了Prox1基因在腦區(qū)中的功能,,就像一個基因開關。
在成熟哺乳動物的大腦齒狀回中,,神經(jīng)干細胞從具有無限潛能的原初母細胞,,經(jīng)過中間代初級細胞,變成更特化的顆粒細胞,,在此階段,,Prox1活性很強,它由中間代初級細胞產(chǎn)生,。但缺乏Prox1會導致中間代初級細胞死亡,,沒有這些中間代初級細胞,新的顆粒細胞也無法產(chǎn)生,。
實驗中,,研究人員在老鼠生長的不同階段去除Prox1,齒狀回就不能正常發(fā)育,。關閉Prox1基因的表達,,中間代初級細胞就消失了,成體神經(jīng)干細胞繼續(xù)分化成顆粒細胞,,直到耗盡所有干細胞,。而在神經(jīng)干細胞中打開Prox1基因,干細胞由于提前分化,,也會出現(xiàn)相似的耗竭,。
在齒狀回發(fā)育和神經(jīng)形成過程中,,有了Prox1基因,中間代初級細胞才能繼續(xù)分化成顆粒細胞,。論文第一作者,、奧立弗實驗室的博士后阿方索·拉瓦多說,中間代初級細胞中失去Prox1,,它們的母細胞——神經(jīng)干細胞也會消失,。子細胞的存在對于母細胞的維持也是必須的,這一定程度上顯示了Prox1和干細胞停止分化的信號反饋機制之間存在密切聯(lián)系,。
研究人員仍然在探索涉及的信號路徑,,論文作者圣猶達遺傳學部的吉列爾莫·奧立弗博士說,Prox1的微小突變就可能引起與記憶和學習有關的問題,。越多掌握大腦中信號路徑的形成,,就越有把握控制這一系統(tǒng),從而促進或抑制分化程序,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
PLoS Biology doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000460
Prox1 Is Required for Granule Cell Maturation and Intermediate Progenitor Maintenance During Brain Neurogenesis
Alfonso Lavado1, Oleg V. Lagutin1, Lionel M. L. Chow2, Suzanne J. Baker2, Guillermo Oliver1*
1 Department of Genetics & Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America, 2 Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
The dentate gyrus has an important role in learning and memory, and adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus may play a role in the acquisition of new memories. The homeobox gene Prox1 is expressed in the dentate gyrus during embryonic development and adult neurogenesis. Here we show that Prox1 is necessary for the maturation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus during development and for the maintenance of intermediate progenitors during adult neurogenesis. We also demonstrate that Prox1-expressing intermediate progenitors are required for adult neural stem cell self-maintenance in the subgranular zone; thus, we have identified a previously unknown non-cell autonomous regulatory feedback mechanism that controls adult neurogenesis in this region of the mammalian brain. Finally, we show that the ectopic expression of Prox1 induces premature differentiation of neural stem cells.