一個國際聯(lián)合研究小組宣稱已經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一種精度很高的預測個人頭發(fā)顏色的方法,。新技術通過從現(xiàn)場留下的血液、精液,、唾液或皮膚細胞中提取的DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）對嫌疑人頭發(fā)的顏色作出判斷,，精度可達到90%。研究人員稱,，這將為法醫(yī)學提供一項新的信息獲取手段,，有可能改變目前法醫(yī)學在此方面的面貌。相關論文發(fā)表在最近一期的《人類遺傳學》雜志上,。
這項研究由來自荷蘭和波蘭的一個聯(lián)合研究小組負責,，能通過DNA檢測在90%的精度上推斷出嫌疑人頭發(fā)是黑色還是紅色，也能在80%的精度上,，對金黃色或棕色頭發(fā)進行判斷,。該技術甚至可以對幾種顏色極其相近的發(fā)色進行區(qū)分，例如紅色和淡紅色,，淺黃色和深黃色,。
據(jù)介紹，研究人員是通過對數(shù)百名歐洲人DNA的研究,，并綜合此前關于基因與發(fā)色之間的研究,，才最終確定基因與發(fā)色之間的對應關系的。
負責該研究的鹿特丹伊拉茲馬斯大學法醫(yī)分子生物學教授曼弗雷德·凱澤爾說,，通過DNA來判斷嫌疑人頭發(fā)的顏色是法醫(yī)學的一項突破,，將為嫌疑人的篩選提供重要的信息。“在很多時候,，當一切線索看起來都中斷了的時候,，頭發(fā)的顏色往往能給偵探們帶來意想不到的寶貴信息。”
凱澤爾說：“我們能從13種DNA標志物中提取基因,，以此來確定與發(fā)色相關的11個基因,。”他表示,，在不遠的將來,，通過DNA測試確定發(fā)色會成為法醫(yī)的一個標準工具，并在案件偵破中發(fā)揮重要的作用,。調查人員目前正在利用這種基因分析法將犯罪現(xiàn)場留下的DNA與警方的數(shù)據(jù)庫進行比較,。
據(jù)了解,，去年9月，該研究小組還公布了一項通過血液中的T細胞來估算其所有者年齡的方法,，并宣稱其誤差僅在9歲以內,。此外他們還開發(fā)出了一種通過DNA信息判斷眼睛顏色的方法。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Human Genetics, 2011; DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0939
Model-based prediction of human hair color using DNA variants
Wojciech Branicki, Fan Liu, Kate Duijn, Jolanta Draus-Barini, Ewelina Po?piech, Susan Walsh, Tomasz Kupiec, Anna Wojas-Pelc, Manfred Kayser
Predicting complex human phenotypes from genotypes is the central concept of widely advocated personalized medicine, but so far has rarely led to high accuracies limiting practical applications. One notable exception, although less relevant for medical but important for forensic purposes, is human eye color, for which it has been recently demonstrated that highly accurate prediction is feasible from a small number of DNA variants. Here, we demonstrate that human hair color is predictable from DNA variants with similarly high accuracies. We analyzed in Polish Europeans with single-observer hair color grading 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 12 genes previously associated with human hair color variation. We found that a model based on a subset of 13 single or compound genetic markers from 11 genes predicted red hair color with over 0.9, black hair color with almost 0.9, as well as blond, and brown hair color with over 0.8 prevalence- adjusted accuracy expressed by the area under the receiver characteristic operating curves (AUC). The identified genetic predictors also differentiate reasonably well between similar hair colors, such as between red and blondred,as well as between blond and dark-blond, highlighting the value of the identified DNA variants for accurate hair color prediction.
