一個(gè)國(guó)際聯(lián)合研究小組宣稱已經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一種精度很高的預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)人頭發(fā)顏色的方法,。新技術(shù)通過(guò)從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)留下的血液,、精液、唾液或皮膚細(xì)胞中提取的DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）對(duì)嫌疑人頭發(fā)的顏色作出判斷,，精度可達(dá)到90%,。研究人員稱，這將為法醫(yī)學(xué)提供一項(xiàng)新的信息獲取手段,，有可能改變目前法醫(yī)學(xué)在此方面的面貌。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在最近一期的《人類遺傳學(xué)》雜志上,。
這項(xiàng)研究由來(lái)自荷蘭和波蘭的一個(gè)聯(lián)合研究小組負(fù)責(zé),，能通過(guò)DNA檢測(cè)在90%的精度上推斷出嫌疑人頭發(fā)是黑色還是紅色，也能在80%的精度上,，對(duì)金黃色或棕色頭發(fā)進(jìn)行判斷,。該技術(shù)甚至可以對(duì)幾種顏色極其相近的發(fā)色進(jìn)行區(qū)分，例如紅色和淡紅色,，淺黃色和深黃色,。
據(jù)介紹，研究人員是通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)百名歐洲人DNA的研究，并綜合此前關(guān)于基因與發(fā)色之間的研究,，才最終確定基因與發(fā)色之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的,。
負(fù)責(zé)該研究的鹿特丹伊拉茲馬斯大學(xué)法醫(yī)分子生物學(xué)教授曼弗雷德·凱澤爾說(shuō)，通過(guò)DNA來(lái)判斷嫌疑人頭發(fā)的顏色是法醫(yī)學(xué)的一項(xiàng)突破,，將為嫌疑人的篩選提供重要的信息,。“在很多時(shí)候，當(dāng)一切線索看起來(lái)都中斷了的時(shí)候,，頭發(fā)的顏色往往能給偵探們帶來(lái)意想不到的寶貴信息,。”
凱澤爾說(shuō)：“我們能從13種DNA標(biāo)志物中提取基因，以此來(lái)確定與發(fā)色相關(guān)的11個(gè)基因,。”他表示,，在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，通過(guò)DNA測(cè)試確定發(fā)色會(huì)成為法醫(yī)的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工具,，并在案件偵破中發(fā)揮重要的作用,。調(diào)查人員目前正在利用這種基因分析法將犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)留下的DNA與警方的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行比較。
據(jù)了解,，去年9月,，該研究小組還公布了一項(xiàng)通過(guò)血液中的T細(xì)胞來(lái)估算其所有者年齡的方法，并宣稱其誤差僅在9歲以內(nèi),。此外他們還開發(fā)出了一種通過(guò)DNA信息判斷眼睛顏色的方法,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Human Genetics, 2011; DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0939
Model-based prediction of human hair color using DNA variants
Wojciech Branicki, Fan Liu, Kate Duijn, Jolanta Draus-Barini, Ewelina Po?piech, Susan Walsh, Tomasz Kupiec, Anna Wojas-Pelc, Manfred Kayser
Predicting complex human phenotypes from genotypes is the central concept of widely advocated personalized medicine, but so far has rarely led to high accuracies limiting practical applications. One notable exception, although less relevant for medical but important for forensic purposes, is human eye color, for which it has been recently demonstrated that highly accurate prediction is feasible from a small number of DNA variants. Here, we demonstrate that human hair color is predictable from DNA variants with similarly high accuracies. We analyzed in Polish Europeans with single-observer hair color grading 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 12 genes previously associated with human hair color variation. We found that a model based on a subset of 13 single or compound genetic markers from 11 genes predicted red hair color with over 0.9, black hair color with almost 0.9, as well as blond, and brown hair color with over 0.8 prevalence- adjusted accuracy expressed by the area under the receiver characteristic operating curves (AUC). The identified genetic predictors also differentiate reasonably well between similar hair colors, such as between red and blondred,as well as between blond and dark-blond, highlighting the value of the identified DNA variants for accurate hair color prediction.
