近日來(lái)自華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)學(xué)院的研究人員在在美國(guó)《公共科學(xué)圖書館—綜合》（PLoS ONE）上發(fā)表了題為“Simulated Microgravity Compromises Mouse Oocyte Maturation by Disrupting Meiotic Spindle Organization and Inducing Cytoplasmic Blebbing”的研究論文,。
文章的第一作者為華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)學(xué)院吳嫦麗博士,。張守全教授為這篇文章的通訊作者。該研究獲得了973項(xiàng)目的資助,。
人們一直追尋遨游太空的夢(mèng)想,，航天飛機(jī)的穿梭和空間站的建立使這一夢(mèng)想幾近實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是在太空環(huán)境下人類和動(dòng)物是否可正常繁育,，尚未有定論,。
在這篇文章中，研究人員以小鼠為實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物模型,，以RWVB （旋轉(zhuǎn)壁式生物反應(yīng)器）提供的模擬微重力條件（0.01-0.001g）,，經(jīng)過(guò)5年的潛心研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)在模擬微重力條件下哺乳動(dòng)物卵母細(xì)胞的體外成熟受到明顯的抑制,，卵母細(xì)胞的第一極體排出率為8.95%,，僅為正常重力條件下（1g）的1/8。同時(shí),，微重力條件下培養(yǎng)的卵母細(xì)胞形態(tài)異常率上升,，有12.96%的卵母細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)“胞質(zhì)吐泡”,，13.03%的卵母細(xì)胞形成突起，而這些異常形態(tài)在1g重力條件下是鮮見的,。
該研究表明模擬微重力條件下,，卵母細(xì)胞難以正常排出極體是由于減數(shù)分裂過(guò)程中，微管的募集,、重排受到破壞,，無(wú)法形成結(jié)構(gòu)完整的紡錘體，導(dǎo)致減數(shù)分裂過(guò)程中的染色體分離失敗,，極體排出受阻,。模擬微重力條件下卵母細(xì)胞紡錘體的異常率高達(dá)95%，而正常重力條件下紡錘體的異常率僅為2.78%,。紡錘體結(jié)構(gòu)缺失的主要是微管結(jié)構(gòu),，而與染色體遷移密切相關(guān)的微絲的功能并未受到顯著的影響，表明微管是卵母細(xì)胞感受重力的重要細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)之一,，在失重的環(huán)境下,，微管的正常功能受到破壞。該研究揭示了小鼠卵母細(xì)胞在模擬微重力環(huán)境下由于微管組織受到破壞,，難以發(fā)育為成熟的具有受精能力的卵母細(xì)胞,，因而在微重力環(huán)境下，哺乳動(dòng)物的生育可能會(huì)遇到很大的困難,。
公共科學(xué)圖書館（PLoS）是一家由眾多諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)支持的非贏利性學(xué)術(shù)組織,，旨在推廣世界各地的生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新研究成果。PLoS出版了8種生命科學(xué)與醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的開放獲取期刊,，可以免費(fèi)獲取全文,，在國(guó)際上享有很高的知名度和很強(qiáng)的學(xué)術(shù)影響力。2006 年12月20日,，PLoS創(chuàng)建了PLoS ONE綜合性在線期刊。在創(chuàng)刊三年時(shí)間內(nèi),，2010年的影響因子達(dá)到4.411,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PLoS ONE DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0022214
Simulated Microgravity Compromises Mouse Oocyte Maturation by Disrupting Meiotic Spindle Organization and Inducing Cytoplasmic Blebbing
Changli Wu
In the present study, we discovered that mouse oocyte maturation was inhibited by simulated microgravity via disturbing spindle organization. We cultured mouse oocytes under microgravity condition simulated by NASA's rotary cell culture system, examined the maturation rate and observed the spindle morphology (organization of cytoskeleton) during the mouse oocytes meiotic maturation. While the rate of germinal vesicle breakdown did not differ between 1 g gravity and simulated microgravity, rate of oocyte maturation decreased significantly in simulated microgravity. The rate of maturation was 8.94% in simulated microgravity and was 73.0% in 1 g gravity. The results show that the maturation of mouse oocytes in vitro was inhibited by the simulated microgravity. The spindle morphology observation shows that the microtubules and chromosomes can not form a complete spindle during oocyte meiotic maturation under simulated microgravity. And the disorder of 緯-tubulin may partially result in disorganization of microtubules under simulated microgravity. These observations suggest that the meiotic spindle organization is gravity dependent. Although the spindle organization was disrupted by simulated microgravity, the function and organization of microfilaments were not pronouncedly affected by simulated microgravity. And we found that simulated microgravity induced oocytes cytoplasmic blebbing via an unknown mechanism. Transmission electron microscope detection showed that the components of the blebs were identified with the cytoplasm. Collectively, these results indicated that the simulated microgravity inhibits mouse oocyte maturation via disturbing spindle organization and inducing cytoplasmic blebbing.
