p53與DNA形成的復合物示意圖,圖片來自維基共享資源,。
美國耶魯大學研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)“基因組護衛(wèi)者(guardian of the genome)”如何在精子產(chǎn)生過程中和可能也在很多其他細胞中進行質量控制,。2012年2月16日,,這項研究在線發(fā)表在《細胞》子刊Current Biology期刊上,從而為開發(fā)出新的節(jié)育和不育治療方法提供可能,,甚至為開發(fā)出對抗很多癌癥類型的新方法提供啟示,。
精子和其他細胞經(jīng)歷著由一種關鍵性調節(jié)基因p53觸發(fā)的檢驗過程,因為p53會下令摧毀DNA受損的細胞,。這種能力使得p53贏得“基因組護衛(wèi)者”的頭銜,,而且在很多癌癥類型中p53都遭到破壞。
耶魯大學干細胞研究中心主任和這篇論文的通訊作者林海帆(Haifan Lin)教授說,,通過研究小鼠精子產(chǎn)生,,“我們鑒定出p53的新上司,它控制p53的方式科學家們以前假設過但是沒有在任何一種動物中得到證實,。”
林海帆教授領導的耶魯大學研究小組在參與很多細胞過程的1500多種microRNA分子中發(fā)現(xiàn)一種稱作Pumilo 1的調節(jié)物,,它控制精子產(chǎn)生中與p53相互作用的8種蛋白。當小鼠Pumilo 1缺失時,精子產(chǎn)生能力和生育力下降,,因為p53過于活躍而下令摧毀太多的精子,。林教授注意到,這一機制可能在男性生育力上發(fā)揮著關鍵性作用,,但是它可能也參與很多生物過程,,畢竟保護DNA對生命而言是最為重要的。
林教授說,,“這是一種非常重要的允許壞細胞而不是好細胞被殺死的把關機制,。這種過程可能也在其他組織如癌癥中發(fā)揮著作用。” (生物谷:towersimper編譯)
doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.039
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Pumilio 1 Suppresses Multiple Activators of p53 to Safeguard Spermatogenesis
Dong Chen, Wei Zheng, Aiping Lin, Katherine Uyhazi, Hongyu Zhao, Haifan Lin
During spermatogenesis, germ cells initially expand exponentially through mitoses. A majority of these cells are then eliminated through p53-mediated apoptosis to maintain germline homeostasis. However, the activity of p53 must be precisely modulated, especially suppressed in postmitotic spermatogenic cells, to guarantee robustness of spermatogenesis. Currently, how the suppression is achieved is not understood. Here, we show that Pumilio 1, a posttranscriptional regulator, binds to mRNAs representing 1,527 genes, with significant enrichment for mRNAs involved in pathways regulating p53, cell cycle, and MAPK signaling. In particular, eight mRNAs encoding activators of p53 are repressed by Pumilio 1. Deleting Pumilio 1 results in strong activation of p53 and apoptosis mostly in spermatocytes, which disrupts sperm production and fertility. Removing p53 reduces apoptosis and rescues testicular hypotrophy in Pumilio 1 null mice. These results indicate that key components of the p53 pathway are coordinately regulated by Pumilio 1 at the posttranscriptional level, which may exemplify an RNA operon.