近日,，Epidemiology雜志上刊登的一項(xiàng)研究論文證實(shí)：當(dāng)家里常用的燃?xì)庠钊紵簹鈺r,，所釋放出來的廢氣如二氧化氮可能會導(dǎo)致嬰兒智力降低,。這些大致包括二氧化氮,、二氧化硫,、一氧化碳等,。
該研究表明：那些經(jīng)常性地使用燃?xì)庠罹咦鲲埖哪赣H所生的嬰兒在一至二歲時智商分?jǐn)?shù)會稍低于那些不怎么用燃?xì)庠罹咦鲲埣彝サ膵雰?。但是這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)假如用在用燃?xì)庠罹咦鲲垥r上方有排氣扇向外排出煤氣燃燒產(chǎn)生的廢氣的話，嬰兒的智力分?jǐn)?shù)低的情況會有所改善,。
嬰兒智商低現(xiàn)階段可能對社會的影響不是太大,，但在以后可能會產(chǎn)生較大的社會公共衛(wèi)生意義。孕婦太普遍太頻繁燃?xì)庠罹叩脑?，所生嬰兒的智力會稍微下降,，將來可能會?dǎo)致更多低智商孩子出現(xiàn)，而高智商的孩子數(shù)量會變得越來越少,。
早期一項(xiàng)來自西班牙科學(xué)家的研究曾提示我們室內(nèi)煤氣設(shè)備會對4歲孩子的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能造成不良影響,。為了探究家庭炊具的使用與嬰兒健康之間的關(guān)系，該項(xiàng)研究的工作者在2004年至2008年之間,，在西班牙四個地區(qū)共招募了2,000多名孕婦參與到該項(xiàng)研究中,。研究人員仔細(xì)詢問了志愿者們在懷孕后期階段在家中使用了哪種類型炊具（是煤氣,、電力還是其他種類）以及在使用炊具的同時是否也使用了排氣扇。
在排除了其他因素如社會經(jīng)濟(jì)因素,，包括性別,、地區(qū),、母親的社會地位、教育、出生的縣,、住宅類型、嬰兒出生時的胎齡,。研究者比較了使用煤氣炊具的家庭孕婦和未使用煤氣炊具的孕婦所生嬰兒的心理發(fā)育指數(shù)(MDI)。心理發(fā)育指數(shù)(MDI)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上等價(jià)于年長兒的智商評分,。
結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)與那些沒有使用煤氣炊具的孕婦所生嬰兒相比，孕婦懷孕晚期經(jīng)常使用煤氣炊具的話,，嬰兒的MDI偏低，要少大約25%,。同時研究證實(shí)在使用煤氣炊具沒有使用排氣扇的孕婦所生嬰兒的MDI低的更多。但研究中并沒有排除孕婦家庭生活中會對嬰兒智商造成影響的其他污染物這一因素,。
總之這項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)了煤氣炊具的使用會對嬰兒智商造成一定影響，要想生出高智商的孩子那么最好還是少用煤氣炊具為好,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823a4023
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PMID:
Indoor Air Pollution From Gas Cooking and Infant Neurodevelopment
Vrijheid, Martinea,b,c; Martinez, Davida,b,c; Aguilera, Inmaa,b,c; Bustamante, Marionac,d; Ballester, Ferranc,e,f,et al.
Background: Gas cooking is a main source of indoor air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide and particles. Because concerns are emerging for neurodevelopmental effects of air pollutants, we examined the relationship between indoor gas cooking during pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment.
Methods: Pregnant mothers were recruited between 2004 and 2008 to a prospective birth cohort study (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) in Spain during the first trimester of pregnancy. Third-trimester questionnaires collected information about the use of gas appliances at home. At age 11 to 22 months, children were assessed for mental development using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Linear regression models examined the association of gas cooking and standardized mental development scores (n=1887 mother–child pairs).
Results: Gas cookers were present in 44% of homes. Gas cooking was related to a small decrease in the mental development score compared with use of other cookers (2.5 points [95% confidence interval=4.0 to 0.9]) independent of social class, maternal education, and other measured potential confounders. This decrease was strongest in children tested after the age of 14 months (3.1 points [5.1 to 1.1]) and when gas cooking was combined with less frequent use of an extractor fan. The negative association with gas cooking was relatively consistent across strata defined by social class, education, and other covariates.
Conclusions: This study suggests a small adverse effect of indoor air pollution from gas cookers on the mental development of young children.
