近日,，英國《職業(yè)與環(huán)境醫(yī)學》(Occupation & Environmental Medicine)雜志刊登的一份最新研究報告說,，在孕期長期站立工作，或是工作時間過長,，都會對胎兒發(fā)育造成負面影響,。報告建議孕婦注意勞逸結(jié)合。
荷蘭研究人員完成的這份報告說,，研究人員調(diào)查了4000多名從事不同職業(yè)的女性在懷孕期間的工作情況,，并對她們的孩子在出生時的體重,、頭部周長等指標進行了測量。分析顯示,，如果女性在孕期從事需要長期站立的工作,，胎兒的頭部發(fā)育可能會趕不上其他孩子，出生時的頭圍數(shù)值會平均偏低約1厘米,。
此外,，在孕期工作時間過長也不好。研究顯示,，那些在孕期工作時間超過每周40小時的女性,，與孕期每周工作不到25個小時的女性相比，其孩子出生時的頭圍也會平均偏低約1厘米,，而孩子出生時的體重也會低148克到198克,。
不過研究也顯示，如果孕期工作時能夠注意勞逸結(jié)合,，經(jīng)常坐下休息,，并且工作時間也不太長，不會對胎兒發(fā)育造成不良影響,。（生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1136/oemed-2011-100615
PMC:
PMID:
Physically demanding work, fetal growth and the risk of adverse birth outcomes. The Generation R Study
Claudia A Snijder1,2, Teus Brand3, Vincent Jaddoe1,4,5, Albert Hofman1,4, Johan P Mackenbach2, Eric A P Steegers6, Alex Burdorf2
Objectives Work-related risk factors, such as long work hours, and physically demanding work have been suggested to adversely influence pregnancy outcome. The authors aimed to examine associations between various aspects of physically demanding work with fetal growth in different trimesters during pregnancy and the risks of adverse birth outcomes. Methods Associations between physically demanding work and fetal growth were studied in 4680 pregnant women participating in a population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards in the Netherlands (2002–2006). Mothers who filled out a questionnaire during mid-pregnancy (response 77% of enrolment) were included if they conducted paid employment and had a spontaneously conceived singleton live born pregnancy. Questions on physical workload were obtained from the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and concerned questions on lifting, long periods of standing or walking, night shifts and working hours. Fetal growth characteristics were repeatedly measured by ultrasound and were used in combination with measurements at birth. Results There were no consistent significant associations between physically demanding work nor working hours in relation to small for gestational age, low birth weight or preterm delivery. Women exposed to long periods of standing had lower growth rates for fetal head circumference (HC), resulting in a reduction of approximately 1?cm (3%) of the average HC at birth. Compared with women working <25?h/week, women working 25–39?h/week and >40?h/week had lower growth rates for both fetal weight and HC, resulting in a difference of approximately 1?cm in HC at birth and a difference of 148–198?g in birth weight. Conclusion Long periods of standing and long working hours per week during pregnancy seem to negatively influence intrauterine growth.
