對兒童過敏性疾病遺傳機(jī)制的研究得出了有趣的結(jié)果：如果父母中有一人患有過敏性疾病，那么與他/她同性別的子女具有更高的過敏風(fēng)險,。母親患有哮喘,，則女兒罹患哮喘的風(fēng)險就高,，父親則與兒子的哮喘患病情況一致,。美國南安普頓總醫(yī)院變態(tài)反應(yīng)和免疫學(xué)的Hasan Arshad教授及其同事開展的這項研究發(fā)表在8月刊《過敏與臨床免疫學(xué)雜志》（The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology）上,。
研究者做了什么,？
研究者采用了懷特島出生隊列研究的數(shù)據(jù),，后者對近 1,500名兒童從出生一直隨訪至滿18歲,，在受試者1、2,、4,、10和18歲時對其進(jìn)行檢查。
懷特島位于英格蘭西部海域,，居民結(jié)構(gòu)非常穩(wěn)定,，絕大多數(shù)受試者在研究與隨訪期間都不會離開。
Arshad教授是懷特島出生隊列研究的發(fā)起者之一,，該研究旨在前瞻性觀察總體人群 (約13萬人)的哮喘和過敏性疾病發(fā)病率,，并確定任何相關(guān)的遺傳和環(huán)境危險因素。
隊列數(shù)據(jù)包涵詳盡的遺傳與環(huán)境暴露的信息,，收集了從出生到每次隨訪的信息,，每次隨訪時均由受試者的家長填寫哮喘和任何其他過敏癥(如濕疹和鼻炎)的調(diào)查問卷。
在4,、10和18歲隨訪時,，對受試者進(jìn)行皮膚點刺試驗，檢測14種常見的食物和空氣傳播過敏原,。10歲和18歲隨訪時還進(jìn)行肺量測定和支氣管激發(fā)試驗,，并且采集血樣以檢測免疫球蛋白E(IgE)。
受試者的家長也進(jìn)行了檢查與評估,。例如,，在受試者出生后不久，研究者就檢測其家長是否患有過敏癥,，并檢測母親的IgE水平,。
研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？
研究者們分析發(fā)現(xiàn),，母親患有哮喘與女兒罹患哮喘有關(guān),，而與兒子的哮喘風(fēng)險無關(guān)；父親則與兒子的哮喘患病情況一致,，而與女兒無關(guān),。
對于罹患濕疹的情況亦是如此：母親患有濕疹與女兒罹患濕疹有關(guān)，而與兒子的濕疹風(fēng)險無關(guān),；父親則與兒子的濕疹患病情況一致,，而與女兒無關(guān),。對于其他過敏癥，研究者也得出了相似的結(jié)果,。 “在分析母親總IgE水平與子女 10~18歲時總IgE水平的相關(guān)性,，以及父母過敏性疾病對兒童特應(yīng)性體質(zhì)的影響時，我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了相似的趨勢,。”
研究潛在的意義,！
研究者認(rèn)為，上述發(fā)現(xiàn)可能改變兒童過敏癥的評估和預(yù)防方式,。例如,，采集女童患者母親和男童患者父親的過敏史可能對診斷有幫助。這項研究在探索遺傳性疾病的性別依賴效應(yīng)方面也具有一定的開拓意義,。
該研究由國立衛(wèi)生研究院資助,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.03.042
PMC:
PMID:
The effect of parental allergy on childhood allergic diseases depends on the sex of the child.
Arshad SH, Karmaus W, Raza A, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Matthews SM, Holloway JW, Sadeghnejad A, Zhang H, Roberts G, Ewart SL.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The parent-of-origin effect is important in understanding the genetic basis of childhood allergic diseases and improving our ability to identify high-risk children.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the parent-of-origin effect in childhood allergic diseases.
METHODS: The Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n = 1456) has been examined at 1, 2, 4, 10, and 18 years of age. Information on the prevalence of asthma, eczema, rhinitis, and environmental factors was obtained by using validated questionnaires. Skin prick tests were carried out at ages 4, 10, and 18 years, and total IgE measurement was carried out at 10 and 18 years. Parental history of allergic disease was assessed soon after the birth of the child, when maternal IgE levels were also measured. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% CIs were estimated, applying log-linear models adjusted for confounding variables.
RESULTS: When stratified for sex of the child, maternal asthma was associated with asthma in girls (PR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.34-2.72; P = .0003) but not in boys (PR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.85-1.96; P = .23), whereas paternal asthma was associated with asthma in boys (PR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.42-2.79; P < .0001) but not in girls (PR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.59-1.80; P = .92). Maternal eczema increased the risk of eczema in girls (PR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.37-2.68; P = .0001) only, whereas paternal eczema did the same for boys (PR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.32-3.25; P = .002). Similar trends were observed when the effect of maternal and paternal allergic disease was assessed for childhood atopy and when maternal total IgE levels were related to total IgE levels in children at ages 10 and 18 years.
CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates a sex-dependent association of parental allergic conditions with childhood allergies, with maternal allergy increasing the risk in girls and paternal allergy increasing the risk in boys. This has implications for childhood allergy prediction and prevention.
Copyright ? 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
