2012年11月20日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,,來自賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)獸醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究者通過研究揭示了保護精子細胞免受損傷的一類RNA分子,,這種RNA分子稱為粗線期piwi互作RNA分子或者piRNAs,,如果沒有這些RNA分子,,男性的精細胞發(fā)育就會受到抑制,,由于其在精細胞發(fā)育過程中扮演著重要角色,,因此研究者就揭示了其在某些不育男性中所發(fā)揮的作用,。相關(guān)研究成果刊登于國際雜志PLoS Genetics上,。
科學(xué)家們知道就有800萬個不同的piRNA存在,,由于其可以形成piwi蛋白質(zhì)復(fù)合物形式而得名,早期研究揭示了piwi-piRNAs可以抑制轉(zhuǎn)座子元件的活性,,而轉(zhuǎn)座子元件可以引發(fā)基因突變,。有大約50種人類疾病是由于轉(zhuǎn)座子元件而引起的,因此抑制轉(zhuǎn)座子元件的功能對于開發(fā)機體疾病的療法至關(guān)重要,。
這項研究中,,研究者通過對雄性小鼠進行研究,對其酶類MOV10L1進行操作,,該酶可以和piwi蛋白作用,,可以幫助產(chǎn)生piRNA分子。在減數(shù)分裂粗線期之前或期間缺少MOV10L1酶可以導(dǎo)致小鼠不育,,隨后研究者研究了MOV10L1在粗線期扮演的重要角色,,MOV10L1的突變體缺少粗線期的piRNAs,但是前粗線期piRNAs的水平卻不受影響,。
研究者同時發(fā)現(xiàn),,在MOV10L1突變體中,piwi蛋白可以隨著線粒體而集聚,,這也就表明,,線粒體可能參與粗線期piRNAs的產(chǎn)生以及組裝,,而且小鼠個體的精細胞存在嚴重的DNA損傷。研究表明MOV10L1在粗線期piRNAs形成上扮演著重要角色,,而MOV10L1是piRNAs途徑主要的調(diào)節(jié)子,,也是piRNAs產(chǎn)生所必須的。這就為研究者理解精細胞的發(fā)育乃至男性不育提供了很好的理論支撐,,相關(guān)研究由NIH等機構(gòu)提供資助,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:Class of RNA Molecules Protects Germ Cells from Damage
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003038
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PMID:
Blockade of Pachytene piRNA Biogenesis Reveals a Novel Requirement for Maintaining Post-Meiotic Germline Genome Integrity
Ke Zheng, P. Jeremy Wang*
Piwi-interacting RNAs are a diverse class of small non-coding RNAs implicated in the silencing of transposable elements and the safeguarding of genome integrity. In mammals, male germ cells express two genetically and developmentally distinct populations of piRNAs at the pre-pachytene and pachytene stages of meiosis, respectively. Pre-pachytene piRNAs are mostly derived from retrotransposons and required for their silencing. In contrast, pachytene piRNAs originate from ~3,000 genomic clusters, and their biogenesis and function remain enigmatic. Here, we report that conditional inactivation of the putative RNA helicase MOV10L1 in mouse spermatocytes produces a specific loss of pachytene piRNAs, significant accumulation of pachytene piRNA precursor transcripts, and unusual polar conglomeration of Piwi proteins with mitochondria. Pachytene piRNA–deficient spermatocytes progress through meiosis without derepression of LINE1 retrotransposons, but become arrested at the post-meiotic round spermatid stage with massive DNA damage. Our results demonstrate that MOV10L1 acts upstream of Piwi proteins in the primary processing of pachytene piRNAs and suggest that, distinct from pre-pachytene piRNAs, pachytene piRNAs fulfill a unique function in maintaining post-meiotic genome integrity.