臺(tái)“清華大學(xué)”腦科學(xué)研究中心教授江安世研究團(tuán)隊(duì)所發(fā)展出的“腦內(nèi)的嗅覺神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖”,，對(duì)于明了人腦的功能及腦疾病治療方法,，有極大幫助，已發(fā)表于本期學(xué)重要期刊“Cell”，受國(guó)際矚目,。
據(jù)“中央社”報(bào)道,，“國(guó)科會(huì)”3日召開“腦科學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)—腦內(nèi)的嗅覺神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖”記者會(huì)，江安世指出,，基因解碼及腦的認(rèn)知與行為是上世紀(jì)末已顯現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的重大研究成果,；但是明了基因如何在復(fù)雜的腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中表達(dá)及運(yùn)作，促使神經(jīng)細(xì)胞發(fā)展出控制各種行為的功能,，卻仍是個(gè)困難的挑戰(zhàn),。
“國(guó)科會(huì)”指出，“清華”江安世團(tuán)隊(duì)利用已獲數(shù)項(xiàng)專利的高解析生物影像技術(shù),，以及果蠅可隨意觀察及操控基因的表達(dá)優(yōu)點(diǎn),，發(fā)現(xiàn)果蠅腦內(nèi)嗅覺信號(hào)自第二階層傳到到第三層時(shí)，神經(jīng)元與神經(jīng)元間的連結(jié)也具有特定,，但不同于第一階層型式的配對(duì),。
江安世表示，研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，嗅覺在觸角葉的編碼會(huì)更進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)譯在蕈狀體中再被解碼,；而蕈狀體已知是嗅覺的關(guān)連性學(xué)習(xí)與記憶中不可缺少的腦內(nèi)運(yùn)算中心；經(jīng)由蕈狀體的計(jì)算整合各種神經(jīng)訊號(hào)后,，再循不同路徑向腦內(nèi)更高階層中心輸送,。
他并說，目前“清大”發(fā)現(xiàn)的是第三層,，而層數(shù)的意義在科學(xué)家的解讀是作為層層把關(guān),，因?yàn)榈谝粚訉?duì)于訊號(hào)的接收沒有選擇性，更多層的篩選可將背景噪聲清除,，讓真正訊號(hào)加強(qiáng),，再傳入腦內(nèi)運(yùn)算、做出決定,。他預(yù)測(cè)10年內(nèi)果蠅的全腦基因表現(xiàn)及神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可能建置完成,。
江安世進(jìn)一步指出，基本上不同動(dòng)物的單一神經(jīng)細(xì)胞修復(fù)皆類似,，這也是何以科學(xué)家選擇使用果蠅建置相關(guān)資料,；“全腦基因表現(xiàn)及神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”計(jì)劃是結(jié)合“基因體計(jì)劃”及“腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究”的歷史性大計(jì)劃，將有助于明了人腦的功能及腦疾病治療方法的研究,，相信科學(xué)家將運(yùn)用于實(shí)行最簡(jiǎn)單,、快速方式治療；目前并有研究機(jī)構(gòu)透過相關(guān)研究解讀出同性戀如何產(chǎn)生,。
這項(xiàng)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)已刊登于2007年3月國(guó)際科學(xué)期刊“細(xì)胞(CELL)”,，江安世也于今年3月,，獲培育眾多諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主的HowardHughes醫(yī)學(xué)中心成立的JaneliaFarm研究中心之邀，于其今年3月開幕的第一個(gè)果蠅腦科學(xué)會(huì)議進(jìn)行大會(huì)主講,。
部分英文原文：
Cell ,，Volume 128, Issue 6 , 23 March 2007, Pages 1205-1217
A Map of Olfactory Representation in the Drosophila Mushroom Body
Hui-Hao Lin1, 2, Jason Sih-Yu Lai1, 2, An-Lun Chin1, 2, Yung-Chang Chen3, 4 and Ann-Shyn Chiang1, 2, 3, 5, 6
1Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
2Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
3Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
4Engineering and System Science group, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
5Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, ROC
6Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
Received 19 July 2006; revised 16 January 2007; accepted 5 March 2007. Published: March 22, 2007. Available online 22 March 2007.
Summary
Neural coding for olfactory sensory stimuli has been mapped near completion in the Drosophila first-order center, but little is known in the higher brain centers. Here, we report that the antenna lobe (AL) spatial map is transformed further in the calyx of the mushroom body (MB), an essential olfactory associated learning center, by stereotypic connections with projection neurons (PNs). We found that Kenyon cell (KC) dendrites are segregated into 17 complementary domains according to their neuroblast clonal origins and birth orders. Aligning the PN axonal map with the KC dendritic map and ultrastructural observation suggest a positional ordering such that inputs from the different AL glomeruli have distinct representations in the MB calyx, and these representations might synapse on functionally distinct KCs. Our data suggest that olfactory coding at the AL is decoded in the MB and then transferred via distinct lobes to separate higher brain centers.
