生物谷報道:強迫癥(Obsessive compulsive disorder,縮寫OCD)即強迫性神經癥,,是一種精神官能癥,,更具體地說,是焦慮癥的一種?,F(xiàn)在,,美國杜克大學華裔教授馮國平研究小組的研究人員利用基因工程方法使小鼠表現(xiàn)出了類似OCD癥狀的行為特質,并且通過抗抑郁劑和靶向一個關鍵大腦環(huán)路使小鼠行為恢復正常,。
研究人員培養(yǎng)了一種缺失一個特殊基因的小鼠,,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)一個與OCD有關的大腦環(huán)路中出現(xiàn)缺陷。和人類OCD患者情況相似,,這些小鼠出現(xiàn)強迫性自我修飾(compulsive grooming)——反復抓自己的臉(小鼠通過抓摸來“洗臉”),,直到毛皮破損,甚至流血,,還無法停止,,同時還會焦躁不安,。當將這種丟失的基因重新插回該環(huán)路時,,小鼠的行為和缺陷有了很大的轉變。這種特殊的基因叫做SAPAP3,,該基因編碼一種能夠幫助腦細胞通過谷氨酸化學信使系統(tǒng)進行交流的蛋白質。
由于該研究首次將OCD類似行為與特定大腦環(huán)路中的谷氨酸系統(tǒng)的異常聯(lián)系在一起,,因此可能為藥物開發(fā)提供新的靶標,。
Sapap3是Sapap家族蛋白質中,唯一在紋狀體中“任職”的一位,。它缺位時,,一些信息傳導會出現(xiàn)“一邊倒”,。比如,正常情況下,,小鼠感覺臉臟了,,抓幾下就會感到干凈了,,但沒有Sapap3時,“臉干凈”的信息怎么也傳不回大腦,,于是小鼠就會不停地重復一個動作,,無法停止??蒲行〗M用基因治療的方法,,讓這種蛋白重新回到紋狀體中,小鼠馬上就停止了抓臉,,焦慮癥狀也減輕了,。
馮國平解釋說,此前,,對于強迫癥的研究多集中在五-羥色胺上,,但這個研究卻開辟了新的研究視角,不僅揭示了強迫癥的生理機制,,還為藥物研發(fā)提供新的靶點,。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,全球人口中約有2%患有不同程度的強迫癥,。“這項研究將為強迫癥患者帶來福音,。”早年從事強迫癥研究的美國國立心理健康研究所主任托馬斯·R·英瑟兒對這項成果的臨床應用前景十分看好。
馮國平,,浙江桐廬人,,現(xiàn)任杜克大學神經生物學系助理教授。1982年畢業(yè)于浙江醫(yī)科大學,。1986年在上海第二醫(yī)科大學取得碩士學位,。1989-1995年在紐約州立大學水牛城分校攻讀博士學位。1995-2000年在華盛頓大學師從著名生物學家Josh Sanes從事博士后研究,。期間系統(tǒng)揭示了乙酰膽堿能神經突觸的發(fā)育機理,,同時創(chuàng)建了為神經生物學界廣泛應用的綠色熒光蛋白轉基因小鼠模型(GFP transgenic mice)。2000年受聘于杜克大學,??蒲姓撐脑凇都毎?、《科學》、《神經元》和《自然-神經科學》等頂級生物學雜志上發(fā)表,。在美期間,,十多次獲得學術嘉獎,包括 Alfred Sloan Research Fellowship, Broad Scholar Award, Mcknight Neuroscience of Brain Disorders Award等,。
強迫性神經癥: 強迫性神經癥是一種神經官能癥,簡稱強迫癥,,以反復出現(xiàn)強迫觀念和強迫動作為基本特征的一類神經癥性障礙,。強迫癥在精神科患者中占0.1%~0.46%,在一般人口中約占0.05%,。該病多在30歲以前發(fā)病,,男多于女,以腦力勞動者常見,。某些強烈的精神因素作為起病誘因,,強而不均衡型的人易患本病,其性格主觀,、任性,、急躁、好勝,、自制能力差,,少數(shù)患者具有精神薄弱性格,自幼膽小怕事,、怕犯錯誤,、對自己的能力缺乏信心,遇事十分謹慎,,反復思想,,事后不斷嘀咕并多次檢查,總希望達到盡善盡美,。在眾人面前十分拘謹,,容易發(fā)窘,對自己過分克制,,要求嚴格,,生活習慣較為呆板,墨守成規(guī),,興趣和愛好不多,,對現(xiàn)實生活中的具體事物注意不夠,但對可能發(fā)生的事情特別關注,,甚至早就為之擔憂,,工作認真負責,,但主動性往往不足。
原始出處:
Nature 448, 894-900 (23 August 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature06104; Received 30 May 2007; Accepted 16 July 2007
Cortico-striatal synaptic defects and OCD-like behaviours in Sapap3-mutant mice
Jeffrey M. Welch1,9, Jing Lu1,4,9, Ramona M. Rodriguiz2, Nicholas C. Trotta1, Joao Peca1,5, Jin-Dong Ding6, Catia Feliciano1,7, Meng Chen3, J. Paige Adams8, Jianhong Luo4, Serena M. Dudek8, Richard J. Weinberg6, Nicole Calakos1,3, William C. Wetsel2 & Guoping Feng1
Department of Neurobiology,
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility,
Division of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
Gulbenkian PhD Programme in Biomedicine, Gulbenkian Science Institute, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Guoping Feng1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to G.F. (Email: [email protected]).
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety-spectrum disorder characterized by persistent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive actions (compulsions). Dysfunction of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry is implicated in OCD, although the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. SAP90/PSD95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3; also known as DLGAP3) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at excitatory synapses that is highly expressed in the striatum. Here we show that mice with genetic deletion of Sapap3 exhibit increased anxiety and compulsive grooming behaviour leading to facial hair loss and skin lesions; both behaviours are alleviated by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Electrophysiological, structural and biochemical studies of Sapap3-mutant mice reveal defects in cortico-striatal synapses. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated selective expression of Sapap3 in the striatum rescues the synaptic and behavioural defects of Sapap3-mutant mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role for SAPAP3 at cortico-striatal synapses and emphasize the importance of cortico-striatal circuitry in OCD-like behaviours.