生物谷報道:研究人員在9月在線出版的《自然—神經(jīng)科學》(Nature Neuroscience)期刊上報告說,心胸開闊,、富有遠見的人對需要改變習慣的信號更為敏感,。
新研究表明,自我評估為自由主義者的人有一種特殊的大腦活動,,這種活動涉及到對習慣性傾向和可選擇性反應間的沖突的調(diào)控,。以前的心理學研究發(fā)現(xiàn),從平均水平上看,,保守派傾向于堅持自己的判斷和決定,,而自由主義者對新經(jīng)歷持更為開放的態(tài)度。這些不同的心理反應與大腦處理沖突反應的過程相關(guān),,沖突管理是大腦負責監(jiān)督習慣性反應不適應新環(huán)境的一種機制,。
David Amodio和同事將受試人群分為兩組,一組自認為是保守派,,一組自認為是自由派,。利用腦電圖,他們記錄了這兩組人群的大腦活動,。記錄過程中,,當受試者看見一個頻繁出現(xiàn)的線索時,他們會迅速地按下按紐,,以至于這種按紐行為成為一種習慣,。然而,當受試者偶然看見出現(xiàn)的線索時,,這個線索會抑制著他們按下按紐的習慣,。當需要出現(xiàn)抑制性的反應時,自由派的大腦前扣帶回皮層中有更活躍的神經(jīng)細胞活動,,大腦的這一區(qū)域與沖突處理有關(guān),。
當自由派看見不太頻繁出現(xiàn)的線索時,他們會遏制著自己習慣性的反應,。新研究支持了以前的猜想:政治的傾向性部分反映了認知機制的差異性,。(科學時報)
原始出處:
Nature Neuroscience
Published online: 9 September 2007; | doi:10.1038/nn1979
Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism
David M Amodio1, John T Jost1, Sarah L Master2 & Cindy M Yee2
1 Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA.
2 Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Correspondence should be addressed to David M Amodio [email protected]
Political scientists and psychologists have noted that, on average, conservatives show more structured and persistent cognitive styles, whereas liberals are more responsive to informational complexity, ambiguity and novelty. We tested the hypothesis that these profiles relate to differences in general neurocognitive functioning using event-related potentials, and found that greater liberalism was associated with stronger conflict-related anterior cingulate activity, suggesting greater neurocognitive sensitivity to cues for altering a habitual response pattern.