美國(guó)科學(xué)家近日在大鼠身上進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),,證明了一個(gè)大腦形成長(zhǎng)期記憶的理論,,即大腦內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)(mPFC)在人體睡眠的時(shí)候,會(huì)通過(guò)多次快速回放的方式,,將新近經(jīng)歷處理成長(zhǎng)期記憶,。相關(guān)論文11月16日發(fā)表于《科學(xué)》(Science)雜志上。
此次研究由美國(guó)亞利桑那大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)家Bruce McNaughton領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完成,。研究人員首先在50分鐘的時(shí)間里訓(xùn)練大鼠向不同的地方奔跑,,隨后讓大鼠擁有一小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間。實(shí)驗(yàn)中,,研究人員監(jiān)測(cè)了大鼠腦部mPFC區(qū)腦細(xì)胞的活動(dòng)情況,。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在訓(xùn)練時(shí),,這些細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)出了典型的活動(dòng)模式,,在隨后的睡眠中,這些細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)出了同樣的活動(dòng)模式,,但速度大約是訓(xùn)練時(shí)的六到七倍,。
美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家Matthew Wilson認(rèn)為,雖然以前在大腦其它區(qū)域,,包括海馬區(qū),,觀察到過(guò)與記憶有關(guān)的加速回放,但這是第一次在mPFC中觀測(cè)到這種回放,。他說(shuō):“這一研究結(jié)果將前額葉皮質(zhì)與睡眠時(shí)大腦處理記憶的過(guò)程緊密聯(lián)系了起來(lái)。”
McNaughton和同事表示,,大腦加速回放的深層機(jī)制目前還不清楚,。他們猜測(cè),,這一處理記憶的路徑有可能由于電信號(hào)的運(yùn)動(dòng)而具有一個(gè)固有的速度,人清醒時(shí),,大腦受限于要完成真實(shí)的行為,,于是不得不減慢了速度。對(duì)此,,Wilson認(rèn)為是一個(gè)引人注目的觀點(diǎn),。
另外,由于倫理學(xué)上的考慮,,一般無(wú)法像研究大鼠這樣詳盡地研究睡眠中的人類(lèi)大腦,。不過(guò)Wilson希望,隨著大鼠大腦研究和人類(lèi)睡眠研究的不斷發(fā)展,,這二者之間的差距將不斷縮小,。(科學(xué)網(wǎng) 梅進(jìn)/編譯)
原始出處:
Science 16 November 2007:
Vol. 318. no. 5853, pp. 1147 - 1150
DOI: 10.1126/science.1148979
Reports
Fast-Forward Playback of Recent Memory Sequences in Prefrontal Cortex During Sleep
David R. Euston, Masami Tatsuno, Bruce L. McNaughton*
As previously shown in the hippocampus and other brain areas, patterns of firing-rate correlations between neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex during a repetitive sequence task were preserved during subsequent sleep, suggesting that waking patterns are reactivated. We found that, during sleep, reactivation of spatiotemporal patterns was coherent across the network and compressed in time by a factor of 6 to 7. Thus, when behavioral constraints are removed, the brain's intrinsic processing speed may be much faster than it is in real time. Given recent evidence implicating the medial prefrontal cortex in retrieval of long-term memories, the observed replay may play a role in the process of memory consolidation.
Arizona Research Laboratories Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724–5115, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]