生物谷綜合：來自中科院上海生命科學(xué)研究院神經(jīng)研究所神經(jīng)生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室（Key State Laboratory of Neurobiology,，生物谷注）的研究人員首次證明了神經(jīng)元的放射狀遷移受胞外導(dǎo)向分子的指引,，這種遷移的趨化性導(dǎo)向假說有助于科學(xué)家們更好的理解高度有序的皮層結(jié)構(gòu)是如何形成的,。這一研究成果公布在Nature Neuroscience雜志上,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這一研究的是神經(jīng)研究所的袁小兵博士,，其早年畢業(yè)于華東師范大學(xué),，現(xiàn)任神經(jīng)所研究員和神經(jīng)回路實(shí)驗(yàn)室負(fù)責(zé)人,。2007年蒲慕明和袁小兵聯(lián)合指導(dǎo)的研究生管沉冰等經(jīng)過五年的潛心研究,，發(fā)現(xiàn)高度極性的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞在定向遷移過程中,，需要一種長距離的細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號傳遞過程，協(xié)調(diào)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的不同部位對外界導(dǎo)向信號的反應(yīng),。這一研究成果公布在Cell雜志上,。目前已知多種發(fā)育性神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病是由于神經(jīng)細(xì)胞遷移紊亂造成的，患者常表現(xiàn)出智障、癲癇等癥狀,。因此對神經(jīng)細(xì)胞遷移導(dǎo)向基本機(jī)制的研究將有利于人們對這類發(fā)育性神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的認(rèn)識和防治,。
參與這一研究的還包括陳罡、司馬健和金明等,，該項(xiàng)研究工作得到了中國科學(xué)院,、“973”計劃、重要科學(xué)研究計劃,、國家自然科學(xué)基金委員會杰出青年基金及上海市啟明星計劃的資助,。
在這一新研究中，研究人員采用在體子宮內(nèi)基因電轉(zhuǎn)技術(shù),，以便可長時程觀察一群皮層神經(jīng)元在體內(nèi)的遷移,，結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)體內(nèi)通過阻斷Semaphorin-3A的信號可以導(dǎo)致遷移的停滯并伴隨神經(jīng)元伸展方向的錯亂。
體外實(shí)驗(yàn)也發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)源性Semaphorin-3A的濃度梯度對于新生神經(jīng)元的正確遷移是必須的,，并且起吸引性導(dǎo)向作用,。這些研究首次證明了神經(jīng)元的放射狀遷移受胞外導(dǎo)向分子的指引,。這種遷移的趨化性導(dǎo)向假說有助于更好的理解高度有序的皮層結(jié)構(gòu)是如何形成的,。
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Nature Neuroscience 11, 36 - 44 (2007)
Published online: 2 December 2007 | Corrected online: 9 December 2007 | doi:10.1038/nn2018
Semaphorin-3A guides radial migration of cortical neurons during development
Gang Chen1,2,3, Jian Sima1,2,3, Ming Jin1,3, Kai-yu Wang1,2, Xiao-jing Xue1,2, Wang Zheng1,2, Yu-qiang Ding1 & Xiao-bing Yuan1
Abstract
Postmitotic neurons in the developing cortex migrate along radial glial fibers to their proper location in the cortical plate and form the layered structure. Here we report that the radial migration of rat layer II/III cortical neurons requires guidance by the extracellular diffusible factor Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A). This factor is expressed in a descending gradient across the cortical layers, whereas its receptor neuropilin-1 (NP1) is highly expressed in migrating neurons. Downregulation or conditional knockout of NP1 in newborn cortical neurons impedes their radial migration by disrupting their radial orientation during migration without altering their cell fate. Studies in cultured cortical slices further show that the endogenous gradient of Sema3A is required for the proper migration of newborn neurons. In addition, transwell chemotaxis assays show that isolated newborn neurons are attracted by Sema3A. Thus, Sema3A may function as a chemoattractive guidance signal for the radial migration of newborn cortical neurons toward upper layers.
Institute of Neuroscience and Key State Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Xiao-bing Yuan1 e-mail: [email protected]
* In the version of the supplementary information originally published online for this manuscript, the legends for Supplementary Video #3 and Supplementary Video #4 were inadvertently switched. This error has now been corrected and the legends correctly describe the appropriate videos
附：
袁小兵
所系名稱 神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所
專業(yè)名稱 神經(jīng)生物學(xué)
技術(shù)職務(wù) 研究員
行政職務(wù) 研究組長
Mail地址 [email protected]
研究方向 神經(jīng)回路發(fā)育
個人經(jīng)歷：
1995年華東師范大學(xué)獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位，2000年中科院神經(jīng)所獲得博士學(xué)位,，2001年神經(jīng)所助理研究員,，2002年神經(jīng)所副研究員，現(xiàn)在是神經(jīng)所研究員和神經(jīng)回路實(shí)驗(yàn)室負(fù)責(zé)人（Laboratory of neural circuit development）,。2005年袁小兵等人發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)纖維最前端生長錐的細(xì)胞膜上有一類稱為TRPC的陽離子通道起著傳遞“方向指令”的關(guān)鍵作用,。這篇文章發(fā)表在當(dāng)年的《自然》雜志中。
