據(jù)10月3日的《科學(xué)》（Science）雜志報(bào)道說,，當(dāng)個(gè)人對(duì)一種處境缺乏控制能力的時(shí)候,，他們更容易看到某些實(shí)際并不存在的模式，希望籍此恢復(fù)其對(duì)這種處境的控制能力,。但是,，自我肯定的訓(xùn)練可以減少某個(gè)人的這種被稱為錯(cuò)覺模式感知的欺騙性現(xiàn)象。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)了長(zhǎng)期存在的信念,，即對(duì)某種模式的感知是一種由缺乏控制能力的無助感所引起的一種代償性的機(jī)制,。他們還對(duì)如何克服這種錯(cuò)覺模式感知提供了見解。
Jennifer Whitson 和Adam Galinsky在人類受試者中開展了6個(gè)試驗(yàn),。在這些試驗(yàn)中,，他們誘發(fā)出一種缺乏控制能力的情況并用多種不同的刺激來測(cè)度錯(cuò)覺模式感知以得出這些結(jié)論。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),，在不同的試驗(yàn)中,，缺乏控制能力的試驗(yàn)參與者會(huì)感受到更多的錯(cuò)覺模式,，如，在喧鬧聲中看到畫面,，在股票市場(chǎng)資訊中形成錯(cuò)覺性模式,，感受到陰謀論以及出現(xiàn)迷信信念等。研究人員提示,，感知模式,，即使是錯(cuò)覺性的，也足以使缺乏控制的無助感得到安慰,，并甚至?xí)粫r(shí)地令人適應(yīng)它,，但人們可以通過自我肯定的訓(xùn)練來減少這種錯(cuò)覺性感知模式。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science,，Vol. 322. no. 5898, pp. 115 - 117,，Jennifer A. Whitson，Adam D. Galinsky
Lacking Control Increases Illusory Pattern Perception
Jennifer A. Whitson1* and Adam D. Galinsky2
We present six experiments that tested whether lacking control increases illusory pattern perception, which we define as the identification of a coherent and meaningful interrelationship among a set of random or unrelated stimuli. Participants who lacked control were more likely to perceive a variety of illusory patterns, including seeing images in noise, forming illusory correlations in stock market information, perceiving conspiracies, and developing superstitions. Additionally, we demonstrated that increased pattern perception has a motivational basis by measuring the need for structure directly and showing that the causal link between lack of control and illusory pattern perception is reduced by affirming the self. Although these many disparate forms of pattern perception are typically discussed as separate phenomena, the current results suggest that there is a common motive underlying them.
