蘇黎世大學的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了違背承諾的大腦生理學基礎(chǔ),。大腦活動的類型甚至能夠預測某人是否會在將來破壞承諾。這項研究是由Thomas Baumgartner博士和Ernst Fehr教授負責的,。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)布在12月10日的Neuron上。
承諾是人類社會特有的一種古老行為之一,,它能促進合作,,信任和友誼。盡管承諾通常是沒有法律約束的,,但是它形成了人類社會每天發(fā)生的物質(zhì)和經(jīng)濟交換的基礎(chǔ),。然而承諾能夠被保持也能被破壞。通過物質(zhì)獎勵進行欺騙的行為其實在人類社會中無處不在,。因此在社會中,,承諾同樣能夠被濫用。生意伙伴,,政治家,,律師以及我們每個人都不會一直進行誠實的行為。
盡管在人類社會中承諾無處不在,,但是這個現(xiàn)象背后的大腦生理機制,,我們還不是很清楚。為了增加對這方面的理解,,蘇黎世大學的神經(jīng)學家和經(jīng)濟學家進行了一項試驗,,對大腦的生理機制進行研究。承諾的破壞會導致金錢利益破壞,,以及合作伙伴的資金成本虧損,。這項研究結(jié)果表明,伴隨著承諾的破壞,,負責情緒控制過程的大腦區(qū)域活性增加,。這個大腦活性的模式表明,破壞承諾引發(fā)關(guān)于違背承諾的情緒斗爭,,主要是由于發(fā)生了誠實應答的抑制,。
這項研究使得科學家能夠詳細描述大腦活動的“不誠實”模式,甚至可以預測未來發(fā)生的行為,。事實上,,保持了承諾的參與者和違背了承諾的參與者在承諾制定時的表現(xiàn)是相同的,他們都會作出鄭重的承諾,。然而,,這個階段的大腦活性,,通常暴露了誰會在后來違背承諾。
這項研究表明,,大腦活性測試或能在發(fā)生不誠實行為之前暴露有惡意的意圖,。因此,在未來大腦活性檢測或許能用于抓捕匪徒,,以及避免欺詐和犯罪行為的發(fā)生,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Neuron, Volume 64, Issue 5, 756-770, 10 December 2009 doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.017
The Neural Circuitry of a Broken Promise
Thomas Baumgartner1, 6, , , Urs Fischbacher2, 3, 6, Anja Feierabend1, Kai Lutz4 and Ernst Fehr1, 5, ,
1 Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
2 Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Germany
3 Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
4 Institute of Psychology, Department of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
5 Collegium Helveticum, Switzerland
Promises are one of the oldest human-specific psychological mechanisms fostering cooperation and trust. Here, we study the neural underpinnings of promise keeping and promise breaking. Subjects first make a promise decision (promise stage), then they anticipate whether the promise affects the interaction partner's decision (anticipation stage) and are subsequently free to keep or break the promise (decision stage). Findings revealed that the breaking of the promise is associated with increased activation in the DLPFC, ACC, and amygdala, suggesting that the dishonest act involves an emotional conflict due to the suppression of the honest response. Moreover, the breach of the promise can be predicted by a perfidious brain activity pattern (anterior insula, ACC, inferior frontal gyrus) during the promise and anticipation stage, indicating that brain measurements may reveal malevolent intentions before dishonest or deceitful acts are actually committed.