蘇黎世大學(xué)的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了違背承諾的大腦生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。大腦活動(dòng)的類(lèi)型甚至能夠預(yù)測(cè)某人是否會(huì)在將來(lái)破壞承諾,。這項(xiàng)研究是由Thomas Baumgartner博士和Ernst Fehr教授負(fù)責(zé)的,。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)布在12月10日的Neuron上。
承諾是人類(lèi)社會(huì)特有的一種古老行為之一,,它能促進(jìn)合作,,信任和友誼。盡管承諾通常是沒(méi)有法律約束的,,但是它形成了人類(lèi)社會(huì)每天發(fā)生的物質(zhì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)交換的基礎(chǔ)。然而承諾能夠被保持也能被破壞,。通過(guò)物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)進(jìn)行欺騙的行為其實(shí)在人類(lèi)社會(huì)中無(wú)處不在,。因此在社會(huì)中,承諾同樣能夠被濫用,。生意伙伴,,政治家,律師以及我們每個(gè)人都不會(huì)一直進(jìn)行誠(chéng)實(shí)的行為。
盡管在人類(lèi)社會(huì)中承諾無(wú)處不在,,但是這個(gè)現(xiàn)象背后的大腦生理機(jī)制,,我們還不是很清楚。為了增加對(duì)這方面的理解,,蘇黎世大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn),,對(duì)大腦的生理機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究。承諾的破壞會(huì)導(dǎo)致金錢(qián)利益破壞,,以及合作伙伴的資金成本虧損,。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果表明,伴隨著承諾的破壞,,負(fù)責(zé)情緒控制過(guò)程的大腦區(qū)域活性增加,。這個(gè)大腦活性的模式表明,破壞承諾引發(fā)關(guān)于違背承諾的情緒斗爭(zhēng),,主要是由于發(fā)生了誠(chéng)實(shí)應(yīng)答的抑制,。
這項(xiàng)研究使得科學(xué)家能夠詳細(xì)描述大腦活動(dòng)的“不誠(chéng)實(shí)”模式,甚至可以預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)發(fā)生的行為,。事實(shí)上,,保持了承諾的參與者和違背了承諾的參與者在承諾制定時(shí)的表現(xiàn)是相同的,他們都會(huì)作出鄭重的承諾,。然而,,這個(gè)階段的大腦活性,通常暴露了誰(shuí)會(huì)在后來(lái)違背承諾,。
這項(xiàng)研究表明,,大腦活性測(cè)試或能在發(fā)生不誠(chéng)實(shí)行為之前暴露有惡意的意圖。因此,,在未來(lái)大腦活性檢測(cè)或許能用于抓捕匪徒,,以及避免欺詐和犯罪行為的發(fā)生。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Neuron, Volume 64, Issue 5, 756-770, 10 December 2009 doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.017
The Neural Circuitry of a Broken Promise
Thomas Baumgartner1, 6, , , Urs Fischbacher2, 3, 6, Anja Feierabend1, Kai Lutz4 and Ernst Fehr1, 5, ,
1 Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
2 Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Germany
3 Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
4 Institute of Psychology, Department of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
5 Collegium Helveticum, Switzerland
Promises are one of the oldest human-specific psychological mechanisms fostering cooperation and trust. Here, we study the neural underpinnings of promise keeping and promise breaking. Subjects first make a promise decision (promise stage), then they anticipate whether the promise affects the interaction partner's decision (anticipation stage) and are subsequently free to keep or break the promise (decision stage). Findings revealed that the breaking of the promise is associated with increased activation in the DLPFC, ACC, and amygdala, suggesting that the dishonest act involves an emotional conflict due to the suppression of the honest response. Moreover, the breach of the promise can be predicted by a perfidious brain activity pattern (anterior insula, ACC, inferior frontal gyrus) during the promise and anticipation stage, indicating that brain measurements may reveal malevolent intentions before dishonest or deceitful acts are actually committed.