日本研究人員日前在成熟大白鼠的大腦新皮質(zhì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的神經(jīng)祖細(xì)胞，并確認(rèn)這些祖細(xì)胞生成了新的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,。
成年人大腦組織再生困難是當(dāng)今醫(yī)學(xué)的一道難題,，許多因事故或疾病造成的腦損傷患者一生無法擺脫后遺癥。
日本科學(xué)技術(shù)振興機構(gòu)和藤田保健衛(wèi)生大學(xué)發(fā)表聯(lián)合新聞公報說,，日本研究人員用成年大白鼠進(jìn)行實驗,，通過觀察細(xì)胞分裂標(biāo)記在實驗鼠整個腦組織的分布情況，在大腦新皮質(zhì)最外面的第一層發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些神經(jīng)祖細(xì)胞,。研究人員壓迫大白鼠的頸動脈,，令流向大腦的血流暫時減少，結(jié)果這些神經(jīng)祖細(xì)胞增殖到原先的約1．5倍,，并且生成了新的細(xì)胞。通過對新生細(xì)胞形狀等進(jìn)行分析,，研究人員確認(rèn)這些細(xì)胞都是神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,。
研究人員說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明,，大腦新皮質(zhì)可再生新神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,。
這項新成果已發(fā)表在《自然·神經(jīng)科學(xué)》雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Nature Neuroscience 27 December 2009 | doi:10.1038/nn.2473
Ischemia-induced neurogenesis of neocortical layer 1 progenitor cells
Koji Ohira1,2,3,4, Takahiro Furuta2, Hiroyuki Hioki2, Kouichi C Nakamura2,4,8, Eriko Kuramoto2, Yasuyo Tanaka2, Nobuo Funatsu3, Keiko Shimizu5, Takao Oishi5, Motoharu Hayashi5, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa1,4,6, Takeshi Kaneko2,4 & Shun Nakamura3,4,7
Adult mammalian neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb, whereas neocortical adult neurogenesis remains controversial. Several occurrences of neocortical adult neurogenesis in injured neocortex were recently reported, suggesting that neural stem cells (NSCs) or neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) that can be activated by injury are maintained in the adult brain. However, it is not clear whether or where neocortical NSCs/NPCs exist in the brain. We found NPCs in the neocortical layer 1 of adult rats and observed that their proliferation was highly activated by global forebrain ischemia. Using retrovirus-mediated labeling of layer 1 proliferating cells with membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein, we found that the newly generated neurons were GABAergic and that the neurons were functionally integrated into the neuronal circuitry. Our results suggest that layer 1 NPCs are a source of adult neurogenesis under ischemic conditions.
1 Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
2 Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
3 Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
4 Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
5 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
6 Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
7 Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
8 Present address: Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Human Frontier Science Program, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
