飲酒對于人的記憶的影響是什么呢？英國一項最新研究說,，與其他人相比,，那些在災(zāi)難前中度飲酒的人，也就是“喝得正好”的人,，對于災(zāi)難會有更多強迫性回憶,。
英國倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院等機構(gòu)的研究人員在最新一期《生物精神病學(xué)》（Biological Psychiatry）雜志上報告說，約50名志愿者參加了這項心理學(xué)試驗,。志愿者飲酒后,，以觀看影片等方式經(jīng)歷了車禍等災(zāi)難性事件。在隨后的一個星期中,，志愿者記錄并報告了不由自主想起相關(guān)災(zāi)難的次數(shù),。結(jié)果顯示，與沒有飲酒或大量飲酒的人相比,，中度飲酒的人會有更多的強迫性回憶,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研究的詹姆斯·比斯比說，這可能是因為人的大腦對一個事件有兩種記憶,，一種與自身感受有關(guān),，另一種與事件環(huán)境有關(guān),。那些在災(zāi)難性事件前中度飲酒的人，與環(huán)境有關(guān)的記憶受到酒精影響而變得不清晰,，因此與自身感受有關(guān)的記憶被相對放大，導(dǎo)致更多的強迫性回憶,。那些在災(zāi)難前大量飲酒的人,，兩種記憶都受到影響，記不起太多當時的情節(jié),。完全清醒的人則存有兩種記憶,，可以互相平衡。
比斯比表示,，這是首次揭示酒精在災(zāi)難后心理障礙中所起的作用,，它將有助于災(zāi)后心理康復(fù)方面的研究。研究人員還提醒說,，這項結(jié)果并不意味著災(zāi)難前大量飲酒者的心理問題更小,，因為過量飲酒可能會誘發(fā)其他嚴重心理問題。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Biological Psychiatry doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.010
Acute Effects of Alcohol on Intrusive Memory Development and Viewpoint Dependence in Spatial Memory Support a Dual Representation Model
James A. Bisbya, John A. Kingb, Chris R. Brewinb, Neil Burgesscd, H. Valerie Currana
Background
A dual representation model of intrusive memory proposes that personally experienced events give rise to two types of representation: an image-based, egocentric representation based on sensory-perceptual features; and a more abstract, allocentric representation that incorporates spatiotemporal context. The model proposes that intrusions reflect involuntary reactivation of egocentric representations in the absence of a corresponding allocentric representation. We tested the model by investigating the effect of alcohol on intrusive memories and, concurrently, on egocentric and allocentric spatial memory.
Methods
With a double-blind independent group design participants were administered alcohol (.4 or .8 g/kg) or placebo. A virtual environment was used to present objects and test recognition memory from the same viewpoint as presentation (tapping egocentric memory) or a shifted viewpoint (tapping allocentric memory). Participants were also exposed to a trauma video and required to detail intrusive memories for 7 days, after which explicit memory was assessed.
Results
There was a selective impairment of shifted-view recognition after the low dose of alcohol, whereas the high dose induced a global impairment in same-view and shifted-view conditions. Alcohol showed a dose-dependent inverted ”U”-shaped effect on intrusions, with only the low dose increasing the number of intrusions, replicating previous work. When same-view recognition was intact, decrements in shifted-view recognition were associated with increases in intrusions.
Conclusions
The differential effect of alcohol on intrusive memories and on same/shifted-view recognition support a dual representation model in which intrusions might reflect an imbalance between two types of memory representation. These findings highlight important clinical implications, given alcohol's involvement in real-life trauma.
a Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, United Kingdom
b Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
c Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom
d UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom
