近日，國際著名學(xué)術(shù)期刊《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》（Current Biology）以專題論文（featured article）形式發(fā)表了中國科大合肥微尺度物質(zhì)科學(xué)國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室和生命科學(xué)學(xué)院周逸峰研究組與美國南加州大學(xué)呂忠林教授的合作研究成果,。該研究揭示知覺學(xué)習(xí)可以引起初級視皮層細(xì)胞相應(yīng)反應(yīng)特性的改變,。
知覺學(xué)習(xí)是個體從外界環(huán)境中提取信息提高能力的過程，反映了成年神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)可塑性,，研究知覺學(xué)習(xí)的細(xì)胞,、分子機(jī)制，充分發(fā)掘該可塑性,，可用于腦認(rèn)知損傷和感知覺缺陷等患者的無創(chuàng)腦功能恢復(fù)治療,。雖然一般認(rèn)為知覺學(xué)習(xí)可引起早期皮層的改變，但目前有關(guān)生理學(xué)證據(jù)很少,。為了揭示知覺學(xué)習(xí)的生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ),，周逸峰研究員課題組與美國南加州大學(xué)呂忠林教授合作，結(jié)合心理物理學(xué)測量和麻醉狀態(tài)下胞外單細(xì)胞記錄的方法分別檢驗(yàn)了貓對比度辨別訓(xùn)練對知覺表現(xiàn)和神經(jīng)元的對比度敏感方程的影響,。
提示：生物谷啟用新域名 www.bioon.net
他們發(fā)現(xiàn),，訓(xùn)練顯著提高了貓對其空間頻率在訓(xùn)練空間頻率附近光柵的知覺對比敏感度，且訓(xùn)練眼效果更強(qiáng),。與行為學(xué)評測一致的是,，訓(xùn)練組貓V1區(qū)神經(jīng)元的平均對比敏感度顯著高于未訓(xùn)練組。對于所有的訓(xùn)練組和非訓(xùn)練組貓，來自單個神經(jīng)元的對比敏感度方程與行為學(xué)測定的知覺的對比敏感度方程高度相關(guān),。
研究結(jié)果表明,，行為學(xué)測定的知覺對比敏感度改善歸因于訓(xùn)練誘導(dǎo)的V1區(qū)細(xì)胞對比度增益的提高。(生物谷Bioon.net)
相關(guān)閱讀
Nature Neuroscience：知覺訓(xùn)練可修復(fù)大腦聽力功能損傷
Neuron：首次證實(shí)大腦具潛意識學(xué)習(xí)能力
Nature：世界首個芯片人用思想開電視玩電腦
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Current Biology DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.066
Perceptual Learning Improves Contrast Sensitivity of V1 Neurons in Cats
Tianmiao Hua, Pinglei Bao, Chang-Bing Huang, Zhenhua Wang, Jinwang Xu, Yifeng Zhou, Zhong-Lin Lu
Background
Perceptual learning has been documented in adult humans over a wide range of tasks. Although the often-observed specificity of learning is generally interpreted as evidence for training-induced plasticity in early cortical areas, physiological evidence for training-induced changes in early visual cortical areas is modest, despite reports of learning-induced changes of cortical activities in fMRI studies. To reveal the physiological bases of perceptual learning, we combined psychophysical measurements with extracellular single-unit recording under anesthetized preparations and examined the effects of training in grating orientation identification on both perceptual and neuronal contrast sensitivity functions of cats.
Results
We have found that training significantly improved perceptual contrast sensitivity of the cats to gratings with spatial frequencies near the trained spatial frequency, with stronger effects in the trained eye. Consistent with behavioral assessments, the mean contrast sensitivity of neurons recorded from V1 of the trained cats was significantly higher than that of neurons recorded from the untrained cats. Furthermore, in the trained cats, the contrast sensitivity of V1 neurons responding preferentially to stimuli presented via the trained eyes was significantly greater than that of neurons responding preferentially to stimuli presented via the untrained eyes. The effect was confined to the trained spatial frequencies. In both trained and untrained cats, the neuronal contrast sensitivity functions derived from the contrast sensitivity of the individual neurons were highly correlated with behaviorally determined perceptual contrast sensitivity functions.
Conclusions
We suggest that training-induced neuronal contrast gain in area V1 underlies behaviorally determined perceptual contrast sensitivity improvements.
