生物谷Bioon.com 訊 近期,,研究人員首次誘導(dǎo)脊髓受損的小鼠再生出可控制自主行動(dòng)的神經(jīng)通路,,這一成果有望開發(fā)出治療癱瘓和其他運(yùn)動(dòng)功能性障礙的新方法,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表于《自然·神經(jīng)科學(xué)》雜志。
在對(duì)小鼠的研究中,,美國加州大學(xué)歐文分校,、加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校和哈佛大學(xué)聯(lián)合組成的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過逆轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)分子通道中的生物鐘而獲得了這項(xiàng)突破,該分子通道對(duì)于皮質(zhì)脊髓束神經(jīng)通路而言非常關(guān)鍵,。
他們剔除了一種名為PTEN(同源性磷酸酶-張力蛋白)的酶,,這種酶控制的分子通道叫做mTOR,是細(xì)胞生長的關(guān)鍵調(diào)節(jié)器,。在發(fā)育初期,,PTEN的活性很低,細(xì)胞增殖不受影響,;當(dāng)發(fā)育完成時(shí),,PTEN就會(huì)關(guān)閉,抑制mTOR分子通道,,細(xì)胞也會(huì)失去任何再生能力,。
“在此之前,如此強(qiáng)大的神經(jīng)再生不可能在脊髓中出現(xiàn),,”加州大學(xué)歐文分校里夫-歐文研究中心負(fù)責(zé)人,、解剖學(xué)和神經(jīng)生物學(xué)教授斯圖爾特說,“癱瘓和因脊髓損傷導(dǎo)致的功能喪失一直被認(rèn)為是無藥可醫(yī)的,,但我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)指明了一種潛在的治療方法,,即誘導(dǎo)脊髓受傷患者體內(nèi)的神經(jīng)通路再生。”
根據(jù)克里斯托弗和丹納·利夫基金會(huì)提供的數(shù)據(jù),,大約有2%的美國人因脊髓損傷而出現(xiàn)某種形式的癱瘓,,這主要是由于連接大腦和脊髓的神經(jīng)通路中斷導(dǎo)致的。
一粒葡萄大小的損傷就可導(dǎo)致?lián)p傷面以下的功能全部喪失,。比如,,頸部的損傷可致胳膊和腿癱瘓,,肩部以下感知全無,大小便失禁,,性功能喪失,,以及一系列次級(jí)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),包括泌尿系統(tǒng)感染,,由于無法移動(dòng)雙腿而生出褥瘡和血栓等,。
斯圖爾特說:“如果能夠找到一個(gè)方法讓這些遭到破壞的通路再生,所有這些喪失的功能都可以恢復(fù),。”
他和同事們正在研究PTEN缺失療法能否讓脊髓損傷的小鼠恢復(fù)實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)功能,,并進(jìn)一步了解最佳的治療時(shí)間,同時(shí)試圖為該療法開發(fā)一套藥物輸送系統(tǒng),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Nature Neuroscience doi:10.1038/nn.2603
PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons
Kai Liu,Yi Lu,Jae K Lee,Ramsey Samara,Rafer Willenberg,Ilse Sears-Kraxberger,Andrea Tedeschi,Kevin Kyungsuk Park,Duo Jin,Bin Cai,Bengang Xu,Lauren Connolly,Oswald Steward,Binhai Zheng& Zhigang He
Despite the essential role of the corticospinal tract (CST) in controlling voluntary movements, successful regeneration of large numbers of injured CST axons beyond a spinal cord lesion has never been achieved. We found that PTEN/mTOR are critical for controlling the regenerative capacity of mouse corticospinal neurons. After development, the regrowth potential of CST axons was lost and this was accompanied by a downregulation of mTOR activity in corticospinal neurons. Axonal injury further diminished neuronal mTOR activity in these neurons. Forced upregulation of mTOR activity in corticospinal neurons by conditional deletion of Pten, a negative regulator of mTOR, enhanced compensatory sprouting of uninjured CST axons and enabled successful regeneration of a cohort of injured CST axons past a spinal cord lesion. Furthermore, these regenerating CST axons possessed the ability to reform synapses in spinal segments distal to the injury. Thus, modulating neuronal intrinsic PTEN/mTOR activity represents a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting axon regeneration and functional repair after adult spinal cord injury.