近日中科院上海生命科學研究院營養(yǎng)科學研究所的研究人員在新研究中揭示了亮氨酸缺乏時中樞神經系統(tǒng)調節(jié)外周脂質代謝的機制,相關研究論文在線發(fā)表在國際內分泌領域著名期刊《分子內分泌學》(Molecular Endocrinology)上,。
領導這一研究的是營養(yǎng)研究所的郭非凡研究員,,其2001年獲得日本東京大學神經生化學博士,之后在美國從事博士后研究工作,,2007年被聘為中國科學院上海生命科學研究院營養(yǎng)科學研究所研究員,,入選百人計劃。該項工作得到科技部973計劃,、自然科學基金委,、上海市科委以及中科院等科研基金的支持。
中樞神經系統(tǒng)的營養(yǎng)感應信號通路與外周組織的代謝分子調控網絡關系密切,,其功能紊亂是促發(fā)代謝性疾病的重要原因,。中樞神經系統(tǒng),特別是下丘腦,,在營養(yǎng)素感應和調控代謝過程中扮演重要角色,。下丘腦兼有神經和內分泌系統(tǒng)的雙重功能,能夠直接感受機體的營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),,通過營養(yǎng)感應信號通路激活對外周組織的代謝調控,。目前,氨基酸的中樞營養(yǎng)感應及其對外周代謝調控尚無詳細報道,。
亮氨酸是機體的必需氨基酸之一,,也是重要的代謝調節(jié)因子。該研究組前期研究表明:亮氨酸缺乏能夠引起機體外周組織的廣泛代謝變化,,包括肝臟脂肪酸合成抑制,、胰島素敏感性增強、腹部脂肪快速丟失以及褐色脂肪組織產熱增加等,;研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)亮氨酸缺乏能夠引起下丘腦內多個信號通路發(fā)生變化,,提示下丘腦能夠感應亮氨酸缺乏這一營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),并經過系列信號整合后進一步調控外周脂質代謝,,但具體機制不清,。
在本研究中,郭非凡研究組的博士生成瀛和張倩等人發(fā)現(xiàn),,用亮氨酸缺乏飼料喂養(yǎng)的小鼠經側腦室注射亮氨酸后,,能夠很快恢復下丘腦內的亮氨酸水平;并能夠阻止亮氨酸缺乏導致的白色脂肪丟失和褐色脂肪產熱增加的表型變化,。研究表明,,中樞注射亮氨酸能夠改變白色脂肪組織激素敏感脂肪酶(hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL)的磷酸化水平和褐色脂肪組織解耦聯(lián)蛋白1 (uncoupling protein 1, UCP1)的表達水平。進一步的機制研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,亮氨酸缺乏導致下丘腦中室旁核中促腎上腺皮質激素釋放激素 (corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRH)表達增加,,進而激活交感神經系統(tǒng),,一方面促進其支配的白色脂肪組織內脂增加,表現(xiàn)為HSL磷酸化水平增加,;另一方面,,促進其支配的褐色脂肪組織內能量消耗增加,表現(xiàn)為UCP1表達升高,;兩者共同作用引起腹部脂肪快速丟失,。在體外實驗中通過使用各種特異性抑制劑,發(fā)現(xiàn)亮氨酸缺乏激活下丘腦神經元的Gs/cAMP/PKA/CREB信號通路,,CREB直接作用于CRH的啟動子區(qū)域而調節(jié)CRH的表達,。
該項研究首次闡明下丘腦CRH受亮氨酸水平調控,并且是亮氨酸缺乏引起外周脂質和能量代謝變化的核心調節(jié)因子,。該研究成果為進一步研究中樞感應氨基酸及調控外周脂質代謝奠定了堅實基礎,,豐富了人們對中樞神經系統(tǒng)調控外周代謝的認識,有助于加深人們對肥胖及相關過代謝性疾病發(fā)生機制的理解,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1202529
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Leucine Deprivation Stimulates Fat Loss via Increasing CRH Expression in The Hypothalamus and Activating The Sympathetic Nervous System
Ying Cheng, Qian Zhang, Qingshu Meng, Tingting Xia, Zhiying Huang, Chunxia Wang, Bin Liu, Shanghai Chen, Fei Xiao, Ying Du and Feifan Guo
We previously showed that leucine deprivation decreases abdominal fat mass largely by increasing energy expenditure, as demonstrated by increased lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The goal of the present study was to investigate the possible involvement of central nervous system (CNS) in this regulation and elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, levels of genes and proteins related to lipolysis in WAT and UCP1 expression in BAT were analyzed in wild-type mice after intracerebroventricular administration of leucine or corticotrophin-releasing hormone antibodies, or in mice deleted for three β-adrenergic receptors, after being maintained on a leucine-deficient diet for 7 d. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular administration of leucine significantly attenuates abdominal fat loss and blocks activation of hormone sensitive lipase in WAT and induction of UCP1 in BAT in leucine-deprived mice. Furthermore, we provide evidence that leucine deprivation stimulates fat loss by increasing expression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus via activation of stimulatory G protein/cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein pathway. Finally, we show that the effect of leucine deprivation on fat loss is mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. These results suggest that CNS plays an important role in regulating fat loss under leucine deprivation and thereby provide novel and important insights concerning the importance of CNS leucine in the regulation of energy homeostasis.