芬蘭研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),，孕期母親吸煙可能影響孩子發(fā)育,，增加孩子成長過程中使用精神類藥物的可能性,。
主持這項研究的芬蘭圖爾庫大學(xué)醫(yī)院小兒科醫(yī)生米卡爾·?？瞬祭抡f：“研究顯示,，母親孕期吸煙可能增加孩子在成長過程中出現(xiàn)輕度乃至重度精神類疾病的風(fēng)險。”
艾克布拉德及其研究小組調(diào)用1987年至1989年在芬蘭出生的175萬名嬰兒的數(shù)據(jù),，參照醫(yī)療保險范圍內(nèi)1994年至2007年這些孩子所用處方藥的記錄,，以孩子的母親孕期是否吸煙分組,，作比對研究,。
這項研究剔除早產(chǎn)兒及分娩體重偏輕的嬰兒，以提高分析結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確度,。
平均而言,，每11名孩子中1人接受過一種或多種精神類藥物治療。這些藥物包括抗緊張類藥物,、安定類藥物,、抗抑郁類藥物、興奮類藥物和麻醉類藥物,。
比對結(jié)果則顯示,，孕期不吸煙母親的孩子中8%使用上述藥物；母親孕期吸煙量少于每天10支,，孩子用藥比例升至11%,；母親吸煙量超過每天10支，孩子用藥物比例為14%,。
研究報告由最新一期《美國流行病學(xué)期刊》（American Journal of Epidemiology）發(fā)表,。報告說，現(xiàn)階段無法確定孕婦吸煙如何影響嬰兒或兒童大腦發(fā)育,，可能的作用機理包括尼古丁影響大腦發(fā)育以及吸煙減少胎兒的氧氣吸入量,。
美國紐約大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心學(xué)者邁克爾·韋茨曼同樣研究吸煙與嬰兒精神健康課題，只是沒有參與芬蘭項目,。他29日告訴路透社記者,，芬蘭同行的研究結(jié)果“與大量業(yè)已驗證以及還在不斷增加的研究結(jié)論完全一致。”
不過,，韋茨曼認為,，芬蘭同行的研究有局限，沒有把孕婦是否使用過精神類藥物,、是否飲酒以及是否濫用藥物甚至吸毒作為比對過程中的變量,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr150
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Relation of Prenatal Smoking Exposure and Use of Psychotropic Medication up to Young Adulthood
Mikael Ekblad*, Mika Gissler, Liisa Lehtonen and Jyrki Korkeila
The study objective was to determine the relation of prenatal smoking exposure to the use of psychotropic medication up to young adulthood by using population-based longitudinal register data consisting of all singletons born in Finland from 1987 to 1989 (n = 175,869). Information on maternal smoking was assessed during antenatal care and received from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Information on the children's psychotropic medication (1994–2007) was received from the Drug Prescription Register, and the children's psychiatric diagnoses related to outpatient (1998–2007) and inpatient (1987–2007) care were derived from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. A total of 15.3% (n = 26,083) of the children were exposed to prenatal smoking. The incidence of psychotropic medication use was 8.3% in unexposed children, 11.3% in children exposed to <10 cigarettes per day (adjusted odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 1.43), and 13.6% in children exposed to >10 cigarettes per day (odds ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.53, 1.74). The exposure was significantly associated with the risk for all medication use and for both single- and multiple-drug consumption even after adjustment (e.g., mothers’ severe psychiatric illnesses). These findings show that exposure to smoking during pregnancy is linked to both mild and severe psychiatric morbidity
