美國研究人員在11月14日公布的結(jié)果顯示,有特定基因特征的人比沒有該基因特征的人更友善,、更關(guān)心人,,而陌生人能很快做出區(qū)分,。
這種變異與人體的催產(chǎn)素受體基因有關(guān),,催產(chǎn)素有時(shí)被稱為“愛的荷爾蒙”,因?yàn)樗T谧鰫蹠r(shí)出現(xiàn),,且能增強(qiáng)親密關(guān)系,、同情心和其他社會(huì)行為。
俄勒岡州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)了一場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),,實(shí)驗(yàn)中23對(duì)夫婦的基因型為研究人員所知但不為觀察者所知,。
研究人員要求夫婦中的一人向另一人講述自己人生中一段受苦的時(shí)光。研究人員要求觀察者觀察傾聽者20秒,,其間聲音是關(guān)閉的,。
刊登在《國家科學(xué)院院刊》(PNAS)11月14日一期上的研究結(jié)果顯示,在絕大多數(shù)情況下,,觀察者能說出哪些傾聽者擁有“友善基因”而哪些沒有,。
該研究的主要作者、多倫多大學(xué)博士后研究員亞歷山大·科根說:“我們的研究結(jié)果表明,,即便是微小的遺傳變異也可能會(huì)對(duì)人們的行為產(chǎn)生切實(shí)影響,,而他人會(huì)迅速注意到這些行為上的差異。”
在中立觀察者認(rèn)為“最不受信任的”人中,,10人中有9人的這一基因?yàn)锳G型或AA型,,而在被認(rèn)為“最親社會(huì)的”人中,10人中有6人擁有GG基因型,。
研究人員預(yù)先對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,,發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的催產(chǎn)素受體(OXTR)基因的rs53576 DNA序列有GG、AG或AA這幾種基因型,。
大體上,,有兩個(gè)G等位基因的人被認(rèn)為更有同情心、更讓人信任也更慈愛,。
而擁有AG或AA基因型的人往往說他們的感受沒那么積極,,對(duì)為人父母的身份也沒那么敏感。以往的研究顯示,,他們罹患孤獨(dú)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能也更高,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1112658108
PMC:
PMID:
Thin-slicing study of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and the evaluation and expression of the prosocial disposition
Kogan, Aleksandr; Saslow, Laura R.; Impett, Emily A.; Oveis, Christopher; Keltner, Dacher; Rodrigues Saturn, Sarina
Individuals who are homozygous for the G allele of the rs53576 SNP of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene tend to be more prosocial than carriers of the A allele. However, little is known about how these differences manifest behaviorally and whether they are readily detectable by outside observers, both critical questions in theoretical accounts of prosociality. In the present study, we used thin-slicing methodology to test the hypotheses that (i) individual differences in rs53576 genotype predict how prosocial observers judge target individuals to be on the basis of brief observations of behavior, and (ii) that variation in targets’ nonverbal displays of affiliative cues would account for these judgment differences. In line with predictions, we found that individuals homozygous for the G allele were judged to be more prosocial than carriers of the A allele. These differences were completely accounted for by variations in the expression of affiliative cues. Thus, individual differences in rs53576 are associated with behavioral manifestations of prosociality, which ultimately guide the judgments others make about the individual