近期,，著名雜志PLoS ONE刊登了中科院心理研究所研究人員最新的一項(xiàng)研究成果“Personality Is Reflected in the Brain's Intrinsic Functional Architecture。”研究人員通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦內(nèi)在功能架構(gòu)反映人格特征。
人格或者個(gè)性特征是指人面臨眾多環(huán)境刺激時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的獨(dú)特,、穩(wěn)定而持久的思維方式和行為風(fēng)格。探討大腦的功能架構(gòu)如何反映人格是一個(gè)極具挑戰(zhàn)性的論題,，部分原因在于很難設(shè)計(jì)出適當(dāng)?shù)娜蝿?wù)對(duì)個(gè)性進(jìn)行測(cè)量,。靜息態(tài)功能連接（RSFC）技術(shù)不依賴任何特定的任務(wù)，可以探測(cè)大腦內(nèi)在功能架構(gòu),。最近,，中科院心理研究所特聘研究員左西年與其國(guó)際合作者一起,，使用RSFC技術(shù)對(duì)人格特征的大腦功能架構(gòu)研究這一難題進(jìn)行了初步嘗試。
該項(xiàng)研究考察了“大五”人格五因素的大腦內(nèi)在功能架構(gòu)關(guān)聯(lián)：神經(jīng)質(zhì)或情緒穩(wěn)定性（Neuroticism）,，外傾性（Extraversion）,，開(kāi)放性（Openness to Experience），隨和性(Agreeableness)和盡責(zé)性(Conscientiousness),。39名右利手成年志愿者（18名男性,，平均年齡30±8歲）完成NEO人格量表修訂版之后，參加了1至5次靜息態(tài)功能磁共振成像掃描,，并且在完成最后一次掃描的一年內(nèi),，再次進(jìn)行一次該人格量表測(cè)量。
研究結(jié)果顯示,，基于大腦的兩個(gè)認(rèn)知與情感樞紐——前扣帶和楔前葉的種子區(qū)域,，人格的每一個(gè)因素都具有一種獨(dú)特的靜息態(tài)功能連接（RSFC）模式。這些模式與分別負(fù)責(zé)認(rèn)知和情感過(guò)程（如動(dòng)機(jī),、共情和未來(lái)導(dǎo)向思維等）相應(yīng)的腦功能分區(qū)一致,。神經(jīng)質(zhì)和外向性是五因素中研究最廣泛的兩個(gè)因素，可分別預(yù)測(cè)種子點(diǎn)與背內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮層和外側(cè)旁邊緣腦區(qū)之間的連接,。這些區(qū)域又與情緒調(diào)節(jié),、自我評(píng)價(jià)和獎(jiǎng)賞相關(guān)聯(lián),，與特質(zhì)的特性一致,。人格特質(zhì)大多與受試者間不一致出現(xiàn)的功能連接相關(guān)聯(lián)，即各個(gè)人格因素所預(yù)測(cè)的腦區(qū)靜息態(tài)功能連接并無(wú)重疊,。這表明,，雖然個(gè)體間存在一個(gè)基本的、核心的大腦功能架構(gòu),，核心之外的多變連接引致了個(gè)體間人格特征的差異,，進(jìn)而引發(fā)了多樣化的反應(yīng)表現(xiàn)。
上述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)為使用靜息態(tài)功能技術(shù)來(lái)探索心-腦關(guān)聯(lián),，并進(jìn)一步研究相應(yīng)人格障礙的神經(jīng)環(huán)路提供了一個(gè)新的視角,，對(duì)于人格障礙的神經(jīng)心理病理學(xué)機(jī)制研究有啟發(fā)。該項(xiàng)研究得到了中科院心理研究所特聘研究員啟動(dòng)科學(xué)基金的資助,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027633
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Personality Is Reflected in the Brain's Intrinsic Functional Architecture
Jonathan S. Adelstein, Zarrar Shehzad, Maarten Mennes, Colin G. DeYoung, Xi-Nian Zuo, Clare Kelly, Daniel S. Margulies, Aaron Bloomfield, Jeremy R. Gray, F. Xavier Castellanos, Michael P. Milham
Personality describes persistent human behavioral responses to broad classes of environmental stimuli. Investigating how personality traits are reflected in the brain's functional architecture is challenging, in part due to the difficulty of designing appropriate task probes. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) can detect intrinsic activation patterns without relying on any specific task. Here we use RSFC to investigate the neural correlates of the five-factor personality domains. Based on seed regions placed within two cognitive and affective ‘hubs’ in the brain—the anterior cingulate and precuneus—each domain of personality predicted RSFC with a unique pattern of brain regions. These patterns corresponded with functional subdivisions responsible for cognitive and affective processing such as motivation, empathy and future-oriented thinking. Neuroticism and Extraversion, the two most widely studied of the five constructs, predicted connectivity between seed regions and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and lateral paralimbic regions, respectively. These areas are associated with emotional regulation, self-evaluation and reward, consistent with the trait qualities. Personality traits were mostly associated with functional connections that were inconsistently present across participants. This suggests that although a fundamental, core functional architecture is preserved across individuals, variable connections outside of that core encompass the inter-individual differences in personality that motivate diverse responses.
