近日，國際著名雜志《自然-神經(jīng)學(xué)》NATURE NEUROSCIENCE在線刊登了美國研究人員的最新研究成果“Computational design of enhanced learning protocols，”,，文章中，研究人員運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)建模的辦法使得酶能在訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)過程中得到最大限度的激活,。
教育人士一直都認(rèn)為,，掌握好的學(xué)習(xí)方法需要培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維，而非死記硬背,。這篇文章除了證明這點(diǎn)外,，還認(rèn)為“適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)”比之前認(rèn)為的要更復(fù)雜。這項(xiàng)研究證明,，將已知分子事件計(jì)時(shí)考慮在內(nèi),，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的培養(yǎng)環(huán)境是可行的，這為未來針對(duì)改進(jìn)更高等有機(jī)體的學(xué)習(xí)與記憶能力所開展的檢驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)研究提供了范本,。
神經(jīng)元中的特定酶能夠增強(qiáng)其在學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)答中的活性,，但是，這些酶各自被激活所需的時(shí)間進(jìn)程卻有著很大的不同,。
John Byrne與同事使用數(shù)學(xué)建模設(shè)計(jì)出一種學(xué)習(xí)方法能說明這些過程的精確計(jì)算,，從而使得這些酶能在訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)過程中得到最大限度的激活。同時(shí),，他們也證明,，經(jīng)過特定設(shè)計(jì)的培養(yǎng)方式能夠讓一種名為加州海兔的海參的記憶力得到最大提升。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1038/nn.2990
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Computational design of enhanced learning protocols
Yili Zhang, Rong-Yu Liu, George A Heberton, Paul Smolen, Douglas A Baxter, Leonard J Cleary & John H Byrne
Learning and memory are influenced by the temporal pattern of training stimuli. However, the mechanisms that determine the effectiveness of a particular training protocol are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that the efficacy of a protocol is determined in part by interactions among biochemical cascades that underlie learning and memory. Previous findings suggest that the protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) cascades are necessary to induce long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia, a neuronal correlate of memory. We developed a computational model of the PKA and ERK cascades and used it to identify a training protocol that maximized PKA and ERK interactions. In vitro studies confirmed that the protocol enhanced LTF. Moreover, the protocol enhanced the levels of phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB1. Behavioral training confirmed that long-term memory also was enhanced by the protocol. These results illustrate the feasibility of using computational models to design training protocols that improve memory.
