在有玩伴或很多玩具的環(huán)境下成長的兒童,腦功能更加活躍,,記憶力和學習能力也會提高,。日本科學家經動物實驗發(fā)現,這或許是由于較多的外界刺激能使腦神經細胞內驅動蛋白增加,,促進突觸形成,,令大腦更活躍。
東京大學研究人員在美國科學雜志《神經元》上報告說,,他們在一個箱子中放置了各種玩具,,將15只小鼠放到里面飼養(yǎng)了4周時間,同時在另一個沒有放置任何玩具的箱子里飼養(yǎng)了3只小鼠,。為考察兩組小鼠的記憶力和學習能力,,研究人員讓小鼠在游泳池中反復游泳,記錄它們到達泳池中“小島”的時間,。他們發(fā)現,,在刺激較多的環(huán)境中生活的小鼠,隨著游泳次數的增多,,速度提升得更快,。
在調查了兩組小鼠腦部神經細胞的狀態(tài)和蛋白質的作用后,研究人員發(fā)現,,在刺激較多的環(huán)境中生活的小鼠,,負責運送谷氨酸等神經傳導物質的驅動蛋白“KIF1A”增加,且作用更加活躍,,作為神經細胞結合點的突觸也增加了,。
研究人員通過基因操作,減少小鼠腦內的“KIF1A”,,結果發(fā)現即使在刺激很多的環(huán)境下培養(yǎng),,小鼠的學習能力也不會提高。
研究人員認為,這項研究有助于解釋為何擁有玩伴或玩具等會讓兒童更聰明,,并且對研究改善記憶和學習能力的方法也有所幫助,。(生物谷 bioon.com)
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.020
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Motor Protein KIF1A Is Essential for Hippocampal Synaptogenesis and Learning Enhancement in an Enriched Environment
Makoto Kondo, Yosuke Takei, Nobutaka Hirokawa
Environmental enrichment causes a variety of effects on brain structure and function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in enrichment-induced neuronal changes; however, the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains uncertain. In this study, a specific upregulation of kinesin superfamily motor protein 1A (KIF1A) was observed in the hippocampi of mice kept in an enriched environment and, in hippocampal neurons in vitro, BDNF increased the levels of KIF1A and of KIF1A-mediated cargo transport. Analysis of Bdnf+/ and Kif1a+/ mice revealed that a lack of KIF1A upregulation resulted in a loss of enrichment-induced hippocampal synaptogenesis and learning enhancement. Meanwhile, KIF1A overexpression promoted synaptogenesis via the formation of presynaptic boutons. These findings demonstrate that KIF1A is indispensable for BDNF-mediated hippocampal synaptogenesis and learning enhancement induced by enrichment. This is a new molecular motor-mediated presynaptic mechanism underlying experience-dependent neuroplasticity.