一項(xiàng)研究提示,，特別是在青春期開(kāi)始使用大麻的人群當(dāng)中,，持續(xù)使用大麻可能與神經(jīng)心理的衰退有聯(lián)系,。Madeline H. Meier及其同事對(duì)1972年到1973年間出生于新西蘭但尼?。―unedin）的1037人的群體中的持續(xù)使用大麻情況和神經(jīng)心理功能的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了研究,，并且對(duì)他們隨訪到了38歲,。這組科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn),，報(bào)告了持續(xù)使用大麻的研究對(duì)象表現(xiàn)出了比其他受試者更大的智商衰退。持續(xù)使用大麻與5類神經(jīng)心理功能的廣泛削弱有聯(lián)系,，而且甚至在控制了教育年限以及使用包括酒精在內(nèi)的其他毒品等變量之后仍然具有顯著意義,。根據(jù)受試者稱之為“熟悉”的人的信息，持續(xù)使用大麻看上去影響了日常認(rèn)知功能,，持續(xù)使用大麻的人表現(xiàn)出了比其他受試者顯著更多的注意力和記憶問(wèn)題,。在對(duì)持續(xù)的水平等效化之后，與成年期開(kāi)始使用的人相比,，青春期開(kāi)始使用大麻的人傾向于變?yōu)楦L(zhǎng)期的使用者并且遇到更大的智商衰退,。戒除或減少大麻的使用并不會(huì)全部恢復(fù)青春期開(kāi)始使用大麻的人的神經(jīng)心理功能，而這組作者推測(cè)說(shuō),，青春期使用大麻——此時(shí)大腦正在進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵的發(fā)育——可能產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)毒素作用,。這組作者說(shuō)，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明應(yīng)該對(duì)推遲大麻的首次使用投入更多的舉措,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206820109
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Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife
Madeline H. Meiera, Avshalom Caspi, Antony Amblere, HonaLee Harringtonb, Renate Houtsb, Richard S. E. Keefed, Kay McDonaldf, Aimee Wardf, Richie Poultonf, and Terrie E. Moffitt
Recent reports show that fewer adolescents believe that regular cannabis use is harmful to health. Concomitantly, adolescents are initiating cannabis use at younger ages, and more adolescents are using cannabis on a daily basis. The purpose of the present study was to test the association between persistent cannabis use and neuropsychological decline and determine whether decline is concentrated among adolescent-onset cannabis users. Participants were members of the Dunedin Study, a prospective study of a birth cohort of 1,037 individuals followed from birth (1972/1973) to age 38 y. Cannabis use was ascertained in interviews at ages 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 y. Neuropsychological testing was conducted at age 13 y, before initiation of cannabis use, and again at age 38 y, after a pattern of persistent cannabis use had developed. Persistent cannabis use was associated with neuropsychological decline broadly across domains of functioning, even after controlling for years of education. Informants also reported noticing more cognitive problems for persistent cannabis users. Impairment was concentrated among adolescent-onset cannabis users, with more persistent use associated with greater decline. Further, cessation of cannabis use did not fully restore neuropsychological functioning among adolescent-onset cannabis users. Findings are suggestive of a neurotoxic effect of cannabis on the adolescent brain and highlight the importance of prevention and policy efforts targeting adolescents.
