2012年9月6日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --一項最新的研究揭示了,，相比一般的人群而言，職業(yè)足球運動員或許由于患大腦細胞損傷疾病如阿爾茲海默癥或者肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥（ALS）,，而攜帶有高風險的死亡率,。相關研究成果看到登在了9月5日的國際雜志Neurology上。
這項研究包括了3439名來自國際足球聯(lián)盟的運動員,，這些運動員在1959至1988年期間至少打過5個賽季球賽,，平均年齡為57歲。研究者同時回顧了阿爾茲海默癥,、帕金森以及ALS患者死亡的死亡證明,。通過分析，僅僅有10%的參與者已經(jīng)死亡,。
這項研究揭示了專業(yè)的足球運動員相比一般的人群而言,，其由于大腦細胞損傷疾病的死亡率是后者的三倍，而且由于阿爾茲海默癥或者ALS的死亡風險是后者的四倍,；在334個已死亡的參與者中,，7人患有阿爾茲海默癥,，7人患有ALS疾病。帕金森疾病的死亡風險相比一般人群并沒有明顯差異,。
為了研究這些風險是否由于足球運動員在球場上所扮演的角色不同而不同,，研究者將這些參與者分成了兩組，一組為處于非線性位置的球員,，包括指揮者,、中衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi),、中后衛(wèi)等,，另一組為線性位置的球員，包括防御性和攻擊性球員,。調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，非線性位置球員由于神經(jīng)變性疾病死亡的比例是線性球員的3倍以上。
這項研究結(jié)果揭示了在足球運動員身上所發(fā)生的高風險的神經(jīng)變性疾病,，研究者Everett表示,，盡管我們的研究關注了阿爾茲海默氏癥和ALS引發(fā)死亡的原因，但是我們也研究了慢性損傷性腦?。–TE）或許在足球運動員身上也是主要的或者第二個原因,。腦部解剖對于診斷CTE以及區(qū)分阿爾茲海默癥、ALS都非常重要,。當CTE進行單獨診斷時,，其癥狀就非常類似于阿爾茲海默癥、帕金森疾病和ALS的相應病癥,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
編譯自：NFL players may be at higher risk of death from Alzheimer's and ALS
doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826daf50
PMC:
PMID:
Neurodegenerative causes of death among retired National Football League players
Everett J. Lehman, MS, Misty J. Hein, PhD, Sherry L. Baron, MD and Christine M. Gersic
Objective: To analyze neurodegenerative causes of death, specifically Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among a cohort of professional football players. Methods: This was a cohort mortality study of 3,439 National Football League players with at least 5 pension-credited playing seasons from 1959 to 1988. Vital status was ascertained through 2007. For analysis purposes, players were placed into 2 strata based on characteristics of position played: nonspeed players (linemen) and speed players (all other positions except punter/kicker). External comparisons with the US population used standardized mortality ratios (SMRs); internal comparisons between speed and nonspeed player positions used standardized rate ratios (SRRs). Results: Overall player mortality compared with that of the US population was reduced (SMR 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.59). Neurodegenerative mortality was increased using both underlying cause of death rate files (SMR 2.83, 95% CI 1.36–5.21) and multiple cause of death (MCOD) rate files (SMR 3.26, 95% CI 1.90–5.22). Of the neurodegenerative causes, results were elevated (using MCOD rates) for both ALS (SMR 4.31, 95% CI 1.73–8.87) and AD (SMR 3.86, 95% CI 1.55–7.95). In internal analysis (using MCOD rates), higher neurodegenerative mortality was observed among players in speed positions compared with players in nonspeed positions (SRR 3.29, 95% CI 0.92–11.7). Conclusions: The neurodegenerative mortality of this cohort is 3 times higher than that of the general US population; that for 2 of the major neurodegenerative subcategories, AD and ALS, is 4 times higher. These results are consistent with recent studies that suggest an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease among football players.
