中科院生物物理所感染免疫中心唐宏研究員和傅陽心教授在2009年月1月刊的《免疫學趨勢》（Trends in Immunology）雜志上以Do adaptive immune cells suppress or activate innate immunity?為題,，系統(tǒng)闡述了他們近來提出的“天然免疫反應需要T細胞參與” 的新理論。
經(jīng)典的免疫學理論認為天然免疫反應啟動獲得性免疫,，而獲得性免疫隨后進一步放大天然免疫效應,，二者的合作與平衡才能清除入侵病原，起到免疫保護的作用,。該實驗室近期的研究結(jié)果表明（原文見Nature Medicine, 2007,；評述見Nature Medicine, 2007; Nature Reviews in Immunology, 2007; Nature China, 2008），原先關(guān)于區(qū)分天然免疫和獲得性免疫的界限可能并不那么清楚,，T細胞其實也參與天然免疫反應并維持其穩(wěn)態(tài),。經(jīng)典理論認為天然免疫和獲得性免疫反應的雙重低下是早產(chǎn)兒容易死于急性感染的主要原因。該實驗室的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，實際上,，在感染早期獲得性免疫細胞對于天然免疫反應具有負調(diào)控的作用，從而有效的將天然免疫反應的強度控制在一定的水平內(nèi)而不至對機體造成免疫損傷,。新生鼠或早產(chǎn)兒由于獲得性免疫低下,，天然免疫炎性反應無法得到有效控制，這種“炎性因子風暴”才是致死原因,。因此,，獲得性免疫一方面抑制感染早期的炎癥反應，另一方面在感染后期行使病原特異性清除功能，兩者缺一不可,。
這個新理論對于深入了解病毒性感染的炎癥反應和病毒清除機理,，控制免疫低下病人（新生兒、老年人,、放化療癌癥病人,、器官移植患者或艾滋病人）機會性感染具有極高的指導價值。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Trends in Immunology Volume 30, Issue 1, January 2009,doi:10.1016/j.it.2008.10.003
Do adaptive immune cells suppress or activate innate immunity?
Jie Zhao1, Xuanming Yang1, Sogyong L. Auh2, Kwang Dong Kim3, Hong Tang1, and Yang-Xin Fu1, 2,
1Center for Infection and Immunity and National Key Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
2Department of Pathology, Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
3Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
Current dogma holds that the innate immune system primes the adaptive immune system in response to infection, which in turn amplifies innate responses in a positive loop to effectively control pathogens. Therefore, it is accepted in most cases that T-cell deficient hosts die of acute infection because of the impaired ability of the innate immune system to control pathogens. Recent studies, however, reveal that adaptive immune cells actively dampen initial innate responses. In contrast to current understanding, there is now evidence that an insufficient number of T cells results in loss of control of innate immune responses. This raises new questions regarding the, as of yet underappreciated, role of the adaptive immune system in early infection and inflammation.
