剛果民主共和國(guó)的人感染猴痘病例的增加可能被歸結(jié)于終止了常規(guī)的天花疫苗接種。天花疫苗提供了針對(duì)猴痘病毒的交叉保護(hù)免疫力,，猴痘病毒是天花病毒的一種親緣病毒,，它導(dǎo)致了類似于天花的人類疾病,。在2006年到2007年間，Anne Rimoin及其同事在剛果民主共和國(guó)的9個(gè)衛(wèi)生區(qū)域開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)猴痘監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目,，并把他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)與在1981年到1986年進(jìn)行的一次類似的研究進(jìn)行了比較,。
這組作者報(bào)告說(shuō)，20世紀(jì)80年代進(jìn)行的那次研究的兩個(gè)得到了最多監(jiān)測(cè)的地區(qū)在30年的時(shí)間里猴痘發(fā)病增長(zhǎng)到了原來(lái)的20倍,，其中9/10的病例來(lái)自1980年之后出生的人,，那時(shí)候大規(guī)模的天花疫苗免疫接種在剛果民主共和國(guó)終結(jié)了。這組科學(xué)家計(jì)算出1980年之前出生的人感染猴痘的可能性是1980年后出生的人的1/5,，且疫苗提供針對(duì)猴痘的免疫的有效率是80%,。這組作者警告說(shuō)，全世界的人口如今大部分未接種天花疫苗,，而且2003年美國(guó)暴發(fā)的人類猴痘——從進(jìn)口自加納的嚙齒動(dòng)物傳播給了美洲草原土撥鼠——證明了這種病毒能夠離開(kāi)非洲中部并通過(guò)動(dòng)物宿主在全球傳播,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005769107
Major increase in human monkeypox incidence 30 years after smallpox vaccination campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Anne W. Rimoina,b,1, Prime M. Mulembakanic, Sara C. Johnstond, James O. Lloyd Smithb,e, Neville K. Kisaluf, Timothee L. Kinkelac, Seth Blumbergb,e, Henri A. Thomasseng, Brian L. Pikeh, Joseph N. Fairh, Nathan D. Wolfeh, Robert L. Shongoi, Barney S. Grahamj, Pierre Formentyk, Emile Okitolondac, Lisa E. Hensleyd, Hermann Meyerl, Linda L. Wrightm, and Jean-Jacques Muyemben
Studies on the burden of human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were last conducted from 1981 to 1986. Since then, the population that is immunologically na?ve to orthopoxviruses has increased significantly due to cessation of mass smallpox vaccination campaigns. To assess the current risk of infection, we analyzed human monkeypox incidence trends in a monkeypox-enzootic region. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted in nine health zones in central DRC. Epidemiologic data and biological samples were obtained from suspected cases. Cumulative incidence (per 10,000 population) and major determinants of infection were compared with data from active surveillance in similar regions from 1981 to 1986. Between November 2005 and November 2007, 760 laboratory-confirmed human monkeypox cases were identified in participating health zones. The average annual cumulative incidence across zones was 5.53 per 10,000 (2.18–14.42). Factors associated with increased risk of infection included: living in forested areas, male gender, age < 15, and no prior smallpox vaccination. Vaccinated persons had a 5.2-fold lower risk of monkeypox than unvaccinated persons (0.78 vs. 4.05 per 10,000). Comparison of active surveillance data in the same health zone from the 1980s (0.72 per 10,000) and 2006–07 (14.42 per 10,000) suggests a 20-fold increase in human monkeypox incidence. Thirty years after mass smallpox vaccination campaigns ceased, human monkeypox incidence has dramatically increased in rural DRC. Improved surveillance and epidemiological analysis is needed to better assess the public health burden and develop strategies for reducing the risk of wider spread of infection.
