研究人員已經(jīng)想出了培育一種現(xiàn)成可用血管的方法以供接受心臟手術(shù)的病人移植之用。這些血管或“血管移植物”可被提前制造，因此外科醫(yī)生可以在病人需要的時(shí)候從架子上取下來(lái)就用。到現(xiàn)在為止，尚無(wú)從人類組織中制造的血管移植物可以耐受簡(jiǎn)單的儲(chǔ)放。而且,，這些新的移植物是非免疫原性的，這意味著從某一捐贈(zèng)者細(xì)胞所培育的移植物可被移植到任何數(shù)目的無(wú)血緣關(guān)系的病人體內(nèi)而不會(huì)觸發(fā)某種免疫反應(yīng),。制造出的血管可以從病人自己細(xì)胞的培育,，但這一過(guò)程需要花9個(gè)月或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，而病人常常不能夠等那樣長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間再進(jìn)行手術(shù),。
如今,，Shannon Dahl及其同事向人們展示了一種培育馬上可使用的血管的新方法，這些血管可在長(zhǎng)期的儲(chǔ)放中保持其強(qiáng)度和功效,，在移植到大型動(dòng)物體內(nèi)后能夠成功地運(yùn)行,。
研究人員通過(guò)將來(lái)自捐贈(zèng)者組織的平滑肌細(xì)胞在一個(gè)用生物性可降解的多聚物制成的管狀棚架上進(jìn)行培育以生長(zhǎng)他們的血管。這些平滑肌細(xì)胞會(huì)產(chǎn)生膠原質(zhì)和其它的組成細(xì)胞外間質(zhì)的分子,。當(dāng)該棚架降解之后,，留下的就是充分形成的血管。Dahl及其同事接著用一種洗滌劑將平滑肌細(xì)胞從血管上剝除以確保它們?cè)谝浦驳臅r(shí)候不會(huì)在受者體內(nèi)誘發(fā)出一種免疫反應(yīng),。這些人類的血管保留了它們的強(qiáng)度和彈性,，并甚至在存放于一種簡(jiǎn)單的鹽溶液之中達(dá)一年之后仍然保持暢通。這些人類血管移植物還在接受了動(dòng)靜脈旁路手術(shù)的大型動(dòng)物體內(nèi)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,，這些移植的血管在一根動(dòng)脈和一根靜脈之間充當(dāng)導(dǎo)管（這種方法使得患有腎病者可進(jìn)行透析治療）,。該團(tuán)隊(duì)展示這些動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的血管恢復(fù)了血液流動(dòng),，并在長(zhǎng)達(dá)6個(gè)月的時(shí)候仍然保持了流動(dòng)的開(kāi)放和強(qiáng)壯,。當(dāng)這些移植物被取下進(jìn)行檢查的時(shí)候,，它們沒(méi)有顯示動(dòng)脈壁有纖維化或增厚的跡象。這些結(jié)果提示,，源自不同捐贈(zèng)者的持久性的血管移植物在清除了捐贈(zèng)者細(xì)胞之后可適用于外科移植,。另外，這些有著能夠挽救生命的優(yōu)勢(shì)的血管移植物可在架子上長(zhǎng)期儲(chǔ)放于一種簡(jiǎn)單的鹽溶液之中,，這意味著這些血管可以提前制造,，因而可隨時(shí)供病人使用。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦英文摘要：
Sci Transl Med 2 February 2011:
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001426
Readily Available Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts
Shannon L. M. Dahl1,*, Alan P. Kypson2, Jeffrey H. Lawson3,4, Juliana L. Blum1, Justin T. Strader1, Yuling Li1, Roberto J. Manson3, William E. Tente1, Louis DiBernardo4, M. Taylor Hensley1, Riley Carter1, Tiare P. Williams1, Heather L. Prichard1, Margaret S. Dey1, Keith G. Begelman5 and Laura E. Niklason6
Autologous or synthetic vascular grafts are used routinely for providing access in hemodialysis or for arterial bypass in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, some patients either lack suitable autologous tissue or cannot receive synthetic grafts. Such patients could benefit from a vascular graft produced by tissue engineering. Here, we engineer vascular grafts using human allogeneic or canine smooth muscle cells grown on a tubular polyglycolic acid scaffold. Cellular material was removed with detergents to render the grafts nonimmunogenic. Mechanical properties of the human vascular grafts were similar to native human blood vessels, and the grafts could withstand long-term storage at 4°C. Human engineered grafts were tested in a baboon model of arteriovenous access for hemodialysis. Canine grafts were tested in a dog model of peripheral and coronary artery bypass. Grafts demonstrated excellent patency and resisted dilatation, calcification, and intimal hyperplasia. Such tissue-engineered vascular grafts may provide a readily available option for patients without suitable autologous tissue or for those who are not candidates for synthetic grafts.
