The Scientist:2.25-5.25疫苗接種方面七大新聞
一瞥千名科學(xué)家(Faculty of 1000, F1000)評分最高的疫苗接種及其相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的論文
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[The Scientist: June 6, 2011 by Edyta Zielinska]
1. 從外面感染
人們長期認(rèn)為的細(xì)菌感染模型遭受挑戰(zhàn),因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T證實(shí)毒性因子(virulence factor)能夠從致病菌的表面,,而不是從它的細(xì)胞質(zhì)(cytosol),,轉(zhuǎn)移到宿主細(xì)胞,從而就為疫苗和治療方法設(shè)計提供新的靶標(biāo),。
K. Akopyan et al., “Translocation of surface-localized effectors in type III secretion,”PNAS,108:1639-44, 2011. Evaluated by Arto Pulliainen and Christoph Dehio, Biozentrum, Univ of Basel, Switzerland; Fabio Bagnoli and Rino Rappuoli, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Srl, Italy; Raphael Valdivia, Duke Univ Med Cntr; Olivia Steele-Mortimer, Rocky Mountain Labs, NIAID; Mélanie Hamon and Pascale Cossart, Inst Pasteur, France; Peter Hume and Vassilis Koronakis, Univ of Cambridge, UK.
嗜中性粒細(xì)胞經(jīng)內(nèi)皮遷移(neutrophil transendothelial migration),,化學(xué)運(yùn)動性(chemokinesis)和吞噬細(xì)菌(圖片來自Greg Luerman)
2. 巨噬細(xì)胞激發(fā)癌癥免疫性(cancer immunity)
吞噬已死的癌細(xì)胞的巨噬細(xì)胞可能要比樹突細(xì)胞(dendritic cell)在激活殺死腫瘤的T細(xì)胞方面發(fā)揮著更大的作用,在激活對抗癌癥的免疫方面,,這一結(jié)果或許有助于疫苗和免疫治療設(shè)計,。
K. Asano et al., “CD169-positive macrophages dominate antitumor immunity by crosspresenting dead cell-associated antigens,” Immunity, 34:85-95, 2011. Evaluated by Xiaojing Ma, Weill Med Col of Cornell Univ; Lieping Chen, Yale Univ Sch of Med; Peter Van Endert, Inst National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, France; Peter Murray, St. Jude Children’s Res Hosp; Christian Engwerda, Queensland Inst of Med Res, Australia; David Kranz, Univ of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
3. 藥物影響細(xì)菌進(jìn)化
肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumonia)要比研究人員想象中更快地適應(yīng)臨床干預(yù)(clinical intervention),從而表明臨床干預(yù)在這種細(xì)菌的多耐藥菌株進(jìn)化上的影響,。
N.J. Croucher et al., “Rapid pneumococcal evolution in response to clinical interventions,” Science, 331:430-34, 2011. Evaluated by Scott Chancey and David Stephens, Emory Univ; Mark Enright, Biocontrol Limited., UK.
4. 重新激活抑制性T細(xì)胞(suppressive T cell)
免疫抑制性的調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(T-regulatory cell)能夠打開開關(guān),,使得免疫性得以激活,,在適應(yīng)性免疫反應(yīng)中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵性的作用。然而,,癌細(xì)胞能夠破壞這個過程,,以便在免疫抑制性條件下茁長成長。
M.D. Sharma et al., “Reprogrammed foxp3(+) regulatory T cells provide essential help to support cross-presentation and CD8(+) T cell priming in naive mice,” Immunity, 33:942-54, 2010. Evaluated by Mark Doherty, Statens Serum Inst, Denmark; Ru Zhou and Rachel R Caspi, National Eye Institute, NIH; Thomas Huenig, Univ of Wurzberg, Germany.
5. 晶體與免疫細(xì)胞
明礬佐劑(Alum),,一種添加到疫苗中的一般性免疫促進(jìn)劑,,是一個晶體,它的作用模式長期以來都是一個謎?,F(xiàn)在,,研究人員證實(shí)它通過以下方式發(fā)揮作用,抓住樹突細(xì)胞(dendritic cell)的脂質(zhì),,從而促進(jìn)疫苗抗原的攝取以及隨后樹突細(xì)胞調(diào)節(jié)的免疫激活,。
T. L. Flach et al., “Alum interaction with dendritic cell membrane lipids is essential for its adjuvanticity,” Nat Med, 17:479-87, 2011. Evaluated by Mark Doherty, Statens Serum Inst, Denmark;David Underhill, Cedars-Sinai Med Cent.
6. 發(fā)現(xiàn)新病毒和疾病
研究人員在171名中國病人樣品中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種威脅人類生命的新病毒,稱作嚴(yán)重發(fā)熱性血小板減少綜合癥布尼亞病毒[severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) bunyavirus],。該病毒是以它導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重性發(fā)熱伴隨著血小板減少的綜合癥命名的,,該疾病的特征是低的血小板數(shù)量和胃腸道癥狀。
X.J. Yu et al., “Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China,” N Engl J Med, 364:1523-32, 2011. Evaluated by Charles Chiu, UCSF; David Wang, Washington Univ in St. Louis.
7. 證實(shí)HPV疫苗有效
對10萬多名澳大利亞病人的一份研究證實(shí)了一種人乳頭狀瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)疫苗能有效地抗擊產(chǎn)生生殖器疣(genital-wart)和誘發(fā)癌癥的病毒毒株,。在ZF資助的疫苗接種項(xiàng)目開始之后,,在女性身上觀察的生殖器疣病例下降了將近60%。
B. Donovan et al., “Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination and trends in genital warts in Australia: analysis of national sentinel surveillance data,” Lancet Infect Dis, 11:39-44, 2011. Evaluated by Christian Wejse and Lars Ostergaard Aarhus Univ Hosp, Denmark.
F1000七大新聞(Top 7)是在2011年5月25日計算出來的過去180天疫苗接種方面的評級最高的論文的簡要總結(jié),,F(xiàn)1000成員們在他們研究領(lǐng)域?qū)ψ钪匾恼撐脑u價并評級,。如果想要去看看最新的評級情況,可以搜索數(shù)據(jù)庫,,閱讀每天的評價,,具體情況訪問http://f1000.com.\\生命科學(xué)論壇\\ towersimper
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