最近,,美國(guó)斯克里普斯研究院,、生物技術(shù)公司Theraclone科學(xué),、Monogram生物科學(xué)等多家研究機(jī)構(gòu)組成的一個(gè)聯(lián)合研究小組與國(guó)際艾滋病疫苗倡議組織(IAVI)合作,分離出了17種能廣泛中和艾滋病病毒(HIV)變種的新抗體,,為設(shè)計(jì)候選疫苗提供了新的標(biāo)靶,。相關(guān)研究論文發(fā)表在近期出版的《自然》雜志上。
中和性抗體是由血液中獲得性免疫細(xì)胞暴露于病毒后產(chǎn)生的一類可溶性蛋白,。在血液中,,它們能與病毒結(jié)合,,阻止其進(jìn)一步感染人體細(xì)胞,并可導(dǎo)致病毒顆粒裂解,,引起“中和”反應(yīng),。由于中和性抗體可以在病毒感染人體細(xì)胞之前將其“消滅”,因此,,如果此類抗體在人體暴露于HIV之前就存在,,將可以預(yù)防感染發(fā)生。
這17種新的強(qiáng)效廣譜中和性抗體(bNAbs)是從4名HIV陽(yáng)性患者血液中分離出來(lái)的,,它們有些能與HIV表面的不知名分子結(jié)構(gòu)或表位結(jié)合,,這意味著在設(shè)計(jì)疫苗時(shí),可供選擇的標(biāo)靶大大增加,;而且其中一些抗體阻止HIV感染的效力比以前開(kāi)發(fā)的抗體強(qiáng)10倍到100倍,。
只有少數(shù)HIV陽(yáng)性病人在感染HIV病毒數(shù)年后能產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)效廣譜中和性抗體。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,,如果一種預(yù)防性疫苗能引發(fā)這些抗體,,就能阻止HIV感染。2009年時(shí),,該研究小組曾分離出包括PG9和PG16在內(nèi)的3種強(qiáng)效中和性抗體,,并在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表了相關(guān)論文。PG9和PG16是科學(xué)家首次發(fā)現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)效HIV廣譜性抗體,,可以與HIV-1中的一個(gè)糖蛋白(gp120)特定表位結(jié)合,,阻止HIV-1感染人體細(xì)胞。隨后,,美國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院疫苗研究中心用完全不同的方法也分離出了一批強(qiáng)效中和性抗體,。
“大部分抗病毒疫苗依賴于激活抗體反應(yīng)才能產(chǎn)生效果。而HIV具有很強(qiáng)的變異性,,抗HIV疫苗要想發(fā)揮效力必須能引發(fā)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)效中和性抗體,。分析這些抗體的結(jié)構(gòu)和生化特性有助于揭示其余HIV結(jié)合形成免疫原的機(jī)理,免疫原是疫苗的活性成分,。”論文作者之一,、斯克里普斯研究院IAVI中和性抗體中心主管、免疫與微生物科學(xué)教授丹尼斯·伯頓解釋說(shuō),,這些新抗體在艾滋病疫苗研究中具有重要價(jià)值,。
研究人員還指出,設(shè)計(jì)艾滋病候選疫苗的關(guān)鍵是有效利用抗體反應(yīng),,要想讓艾滋病疫苗提供廣泛性保護(hù),,必須能引發(fā)產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的強(qiáng)效中和性抗體。新抗體的發(fā)現(xiàn)也預(yù)示了未來(lái)艾滋病疫苗設(shè)計(jì)的趨勢(shì),以及如何實(shí)現(xiàn)疫苗效果最大化,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature10373
PMC:
PMID:
Broad neutralization coverage of HIV by multiple highly potent antibodies
Laura M. Walker; Michael Huber; Katie J. Doores; Emilia Falkowska; Robert Pejchal; Jean-Philippe Julien; Sheng-Kai Wang; Alejandra Ramos; Po-Ying Chan-Hui; Matthew Moyle; Jennifer L. Mitcham; Phillip W. Hammond; Ole A. Olsen; Pham Phung; Steven Fling; Chi-Huey Wong; Sanjay Phogat; Terri Wrin; Melissa D. Simek; Protocol G. Principal Investigators; Wayne C. Koff; Ian A. Wilson; Dennis R. Burton; Pascal Poignard
Broadly neutralizing antibodies against highly variable viral pathogens are much sought after to treat or protect against global circulating viruses. Here we probed the neutralizing antibody repertoires of four human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected donors with remarkably broad and potent neutralizing responses and rescued 17 new monoclonal antibodies that neutralize broadly across clades. Many of the new monoclonal antibodies are almost tenfold more potent than the recently described PG9, PG16 and VRC01 broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and 100-fold more potent than the original prototype HIV broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies1, 2, 3. The monoclonal antibodies largely recapitulate the neutralization breadth found in the corresponding donor serum and many recognize novel epitopes on envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120, illuminating new targets for vaccine design. Analysis of neutralization by the full complement of anti-HIV broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies now available reveals that certain combinations of antibodies should offer markedly more favourable coverage of the enormous diversity of global circulating viruses than others and these combinations might be sought in active or passive immunization regimes. Overall, the isolation of multiple HIV broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from several donors that, in aggregate, provide broad coverage at low concentrations is a highly positive indicator for the eventual design of an effective antibody-based HIV vaccine.