近日,，中國(guó)哈爾濱獸醫(yī)研究所國(guó)家禽流感實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究員陳化蘭及其團(tuán)隊(duì)研制出一種新型疫苗,，該疫苗在防范鴨瘟病毒的同時(shí),，能夠阻斷H5N1禽流感在鴨子之間的傳播,。世界糧農(nóng)組織（FAO）,、世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）及世界動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生組織（OIE）均認(rèn)為,，該成果能夠有效預(yù)防和應(yīng)對(duì)H5N1疫情的爆發(fā),。
該成果已發(fā)表于《病毒學(xué)雜志》（Journal of Virology）網(wǎng)絡(luò)版。陳化蘭表示，目前正在進(jìn)行疫苗的田間試驗(yàn),，明年將可能正式投產(chǎn),。
據(jù)了解，鴨是禽流感病毒的自然宿主,，易感染,、攜帶病毒。但由于絕大多數(shù)受H5N1禽流感病毒感染的鴨沒有發(fā)病表現(xiàn),，也很少死亡,，因此，養(yǎng)殖者缺乏對(duì)H5N1禽流感病毒免疫接種的積極性,。
針對(duì)這種情況,，陳化蘭在國(guó)家杰出青年基金和“973”項(xiàng)目的支持下，指導(dǎo)課題組選擇以鴨瘟減毒活疫苗為載體進(jìn)行新疫苗研發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn),。
經(jīng)過5年攻關(guān),，陳化蘭課題組研制出能夠同時(shí)對(duì)H5N1禽流感和鴨瘟提供免疫保護(hù)的基因工程重組二聯(lián)活疫苗，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種活疫苗可同時(shí)有效預(yù)防H5N1和鴨瘟兩種重大傳染病的良好效果,。而且,，新疫苗使用成本低，養(yǎng)殖戶易于接受,。
目前,，國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)H5N1會(huì)否卷土重來仍存爭(zhēng)論。其中,，世界糧農(nóng)組織首席獸醫(yī)官Juan Lubroth指出：“根據(jù)2004年到2008年的觀察,，H5N1流感病毒在逐漸減弱過程中，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了新的分支病毒,，這預(yù)示著H5N1流感有可能在今年秋冬突然爆發(fā),。”但世界衛(wèi)生組織及世界動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生組織認(rèn)為，變異是禽流感病毒固有的進(jìn)化特性,，新發(fā)現(xiàn)H5N1病毒的變異尚不足以顯著增加其對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生的威脅,。美國(guó)《科學(xué)》雜志則在《新聞與分析》欄目發(fā)表評(píng)論文章，認(rèn)為中國(guó)哈爾濱獸醫(yī)研究所國(guó)家禽流感實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究員陳化蘭及其團(tuán)隊(duì)研制出的新型疫苗可能消除對(duì)H5N1的預(yù)警,，進(jìn)而平息這場(chǎng)H5N1會(huì)否卷土重來之爭(zhēng),。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
doi:10.1128/JVI.05420-11
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A Duck Enteritis Virus-Vectored Bivalent Live Vaccine Provides Fast and Complete Protection against H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Ducks
Jinxiong Li, Pucheng Chen, Yongping Jiang, Li Wu,1 Xianying Zeng, Guobin Tian, Jinying Ge, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Zhigao Bu, and Hualan Chen1
Ducks play an important role in the maintenance of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in nature, and the successful control of AIVs in ducks has important implications for the eradication of the disease in poultry and its prevention in humans. The inactivated influenza vaccine is expensive, labor-intensive, and usually needs 2 to 3 weeks to induce protective immunity in ducks. Live attenuated duck enteritis virus (DEV; a herpesvirus) vaccine is used routinely to control lethal DEV infections in many duck-producing areas. Here, we first established a system to generate the DEV vaccine strain by using the transfection of overlapping fosmid DNAs. Using this system, we constructed two recombinant viruses, rDEV-ul41HA and rDEV-us78HA, in which the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the H5N1 virus A/duck/Anhui/1/06 was inserted and stably maintained within the ul41 gene or between the us7 and us8 genes of the DEV genome. Duck studies indicated that rDEV-us78HA had protective efficacy similar to that of the live DEV vaccine against lethal DEV challenge; importantly, a single dose of 106 PFU of rDEV-us78HA induced complete protection against a lethal H5N1 virus challenge in as little as 3 days postvaccination. The protective efficacy against both lethal DEV and H5N1 challenge provided by rDEV-ul41HA inoculation in ducks was slightly weaker than that provided by rDEV-us78HA. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that recombinant DEV is suitable for use as a bivalent live attenuated vaccine, providing rapid protection against both DEV and H5N1 virus infection in ducks.
