研究表明,,在美國超過3200萬人有自身抗體,,這種自身抗體是同免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的蛋白質(zhì),,靶向機(jī)體組織,,定義為自身免疫的一種情況??购丝贵w(ANA)是觀察最常見自身抗體流行性的第一個具有全國代表性的樣本,,發(fā)現(xiàn)ANA流行頻率在婦女,老年人和非裔美國人中最高,。
這項(xiàng)研究由美國國家環(huán)境衛(wèi)生科學(xué)研究所(NIEHS)開展,,美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院開展一部分。佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)蓋恩斯維爾的研究人員也參與此研究,。
早期的研究已經(jīng)表明,,在自身免疫疾病臨床癥狀之前ANA實(shí)際上發(fā)展多年,,其中自身免疫疾病包括I型糖尿病、紅斑狼瘡,、類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎,。ANA是檢測自身免疫疾病的一個常用的測量標(biāo)志物,但是自身抗體的出現(xiàn)并不一定意味著一個人患上自身免疫性疾病,。也知道其他因素在一些人中也會導(dǎo)致自身抗體,,這些因素包括藥物、癌癥,、感染,。
"ANA流行率的先前估計有很大變化,是在不能代表普遍大眾的小型研究中開展的",,本文作者,、NIEHS的臨床主任Frederick Miller博士說,"有代表一般美國人口,、包括近5000個人的大型數(shù)據(jù)集,,為我們提供了一個ANA的準(zhǔn)確估計,可能允許有自身免疫性疾病病因?qū)W的新見解",。研究結(jié)果在線發(fā)表在一月十一日期的期刊Arthritis and Rheumatism上,。
研究自身免疫性疾病原因的Miller解釋到,機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生大量稱為抗體的蛋白質(zhì),,它們有助于機(jī)體對抗感染,。然而,在某些情況下,,產(chǎn)生的抗體是直接針對自身組織的,。這些就是所說的自身抗體。
一個多學(xué)科研究小組的研究人員應(yīng)用免疫熒光技術(shù)測定ANA對4754人評估了血清樣品,,這些人來自1994 - 2004年全國健康和營養(yǎng)調(diào)查(NHANES),。ANA在人口中的總流行率是13.8%,與白人相比較,,其在非裔美國人中的流行率適當(dāng)?shù)馗咭恍?。ANA一般隨著年齡而增加,女性的高于男性,,女性與男性的比例峰值在40 - 49歲間,,然后在老年人組中下降。
"相對于男性,,女性自身免疫的峰值在40 - 49歲年齡段,,這就暗示雌激素和孕激素可能在免疫系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮的影響",NIEHS主任、本文的作者Linda Birnbaum博士說,。
本文還發(fā)現(xiàn),,超重和肥胖者中ANA流行率低于正常體重的人。"這個發(fā)現(xiàn)很有趣,,也有點(diǎn)意外",,Edward Chan博士說,他是本研究的作者,,也是佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)口腔生物學(xué)系的教授,。
脂肪組織能分泌一些蛋白質(zhì),這些蛋白質(zhì)抑制部分免疫系統(tǒng),,阻止自身抗體的發(fā)生,,這些是有可能的。但是,,我們還需要做更多的研究來理解此作用,,也就是肥胖癥在自身免疫性疾病發(fā)生中所發(fā)揮的作用。
研究人員說,,該文章應(yīng)該是將來研究的有用的基線,,這些研究觀察ANA流行率隨時間的變化及與ANA發(fā)展相關(guān)的因子。該文章是第一次系列地分析來自NHANES數(shù)據(jù)集的數(shù)據(jù),,探索與ANA可能的環(huán)境關(guān)聯(lián),。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1002/art.34380
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Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States
Minoru Satoh, Edward K. L. Chan, Lindsey A. Ho, Kathryn M. Rose, Christine G. Parks, Richard D. Cohn, Todd A. Jusko, Nigel J. Walker, Dori R. Germolec, Irene Z. Whitt, Patrick W. Crockett, Brad A. Pauley, Jason Y.F. Chan, Steven J. Ross, Linda S. Birnbaum, Darryl C. Zeldin, Frederick W. Miller
Abstract Objective. To estimate the prevalence, types and sociodemographic and biobehavioral correlates of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the United States (U.S.). Methods. Cross-sectional analysis of 4,754 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. ANA by indirect immunofluorescence, including cellular staining patterns and specific autoantibody reactivities by immunoprecipitation in those with ANA. Results. ANA prevalence in the U.S. population ages 12 years and older was 13.8% (95% CI, 12.2% to 15.5%). ANA increased with age (P = 0.01) and were more prevalent among females than males (17.8% vs. 9.6%, P < 0.001), with the female to male ratio peaking at 40-49 years of age. ANA prevalence was modestly higher in African Americans than whites (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [POR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.70). Remarkably, ANA were less common in overweight and obese (adjusted POR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.94) individuals than persons of normal weight. No significant associations were seen with education, family income, alcohol use, smoking history, serum levels of cotinine or C-reactive protein. In ANA-positive individuals, nuclear patterns were seen in 84.6%, cytoplasmic patterns in 21.8%, and nucleolar patterns in 6.1%, and the most common specific autoantibodies were anti-Ro (3.9%) and anti-Su (2.4%). Conclusion. These findings suggest that over 32 million persons in the U.S. have ANA and the prevalence is higher among females, older individuals, African Americans and those with normal weight. These data will serve as a useful baseline for future investigations of predictors and changes in ANA prevalence over time. ? 2012 American College of Rheumatology.