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癌干細胞(cancer stem cell)是一類能夠抵抗化療或者放療的腫瘤細胞，能夠讓腫瘤再生從而導(dǎo)致腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),。盡管名字存在類似性,，但是癌干細胞與胚胎干細胞存在很大的差別。
美國密歇根大學(xué)外科研究助理教授Qiao Li博士和同事們從兩類具有免疫活性的小鼠模式動物中提取癌干細胞,，然后利用它們制備疫苗,。
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些富集的癌干細胞具有免疫原性，相比于在以前的免疫治療試驗中通常使用不加選擇的腫瘤細胞作為抗原來源，把它們作為抗原效果更加顯著”,，Li說,，“對這種現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)在機制研究表明當(dāng)用癌干細胞進行免疫產(chǎn)生抗體后，這些抗體能夠靶向癌干細胞,，從而產(chǎn)生抗腫瘤免疫,。”
研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn)從接受癌干細胞疫苗注射的小鼠中收集的殺傷性T淋巴細胞能夠在體外殺死癌干細胞。
這項研究是免疫治療研究領(lǐng)域的一項比較大的突破,，因為研究人員能夠使用純化的癌干細胞來制備疫苗,，而且這種癌干細胞疫苗能夠強化抗體和T細胞選擇性靶向癌干細胞的能力。
相關(guān)研究結(jié)果于2012年4月1日發(fā)表在Cancer Research期刊上,。(生物谷：towersimper編譯)
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doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1400
PMC:
PMID:
Cancer Stem Cell Vaccination Confers Significant Antitumor Immunity
Ning Ning, Qin Pan, Fang Zheng, Seagal Teitz-Tennenbaum, Martin Egenti, Ji Yet, Mu Li, Christophe Ginestier, Max S. Wicha, Jeffrey S. Moyer, Mark E.P. Prince, Yingxin Xu, Xiao-Lian Zhang, Shiang Huang, Alfred E. Chang, and Qiao Li
Most studies of cancer stem cells (CSC) involve the inoculation of cells from human tumors into immunosuppressed mice, preventing an assessment on the immunologic interactions and effects of CSCs. In this study, we examined the vaccination effects produced by CSC-enriched populations from histologically distinct murine tumors after their inoculation into different syngeneic immunocompetent hosts. Enriched CSCs were immunogenic and more effective as an antigen source than unselected tumor cells in inducing protective antitumor immunity. Immune sera from CSC-vaccinated hosts contained high levels of IgG which bound to CSCs, resulting in CSC lysis in the presence of complement. CTLs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or splenocytes harvested from CSC-vaccinated hosts were capable of killing CSCs in vitro. Mechanistic investigations established that CSC-primed antibodies and T cells were capable of selective targeting CSCs and conferring antitumor immunity. Together, these proof-of-concept results provide a rationale for a new type of cancer immunotherapy based on the development of CSC vaccines that can specifically target CSCs.
