銀屑病,特定的真菌可以激活和一定免疫疾病有關(guān)系的免疫細胞的功能,,而另外一些微生物,,尤其是存在于人類皮膚上的細菌,可以起到抗炎癥的作用,。(Credit: © quayside / Fotolia)
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當(dāng)對機體有益的微生物正常工作的時候,,和自身免疫疾病如銀屑病等相關(guān)免疫細胞便會主動起到抗炎癥的功效,近日,,來自瑞士的科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,特定的真菌可以激活和一定免疫疾病有關(guān)系的免疫細胞的功能,而另外一些微生物,,尤其是存在于人類皮膚上的細菌,,可以起到抗炎癥的作用。
研究者Christina Zielinski表示,,混合的微生物群在慢性疾病的發(fā)展過程中起到了一種決定性的作用,,而且引起疾病的關(guān)鍵細胞也可以發(fā)展成為抗炎細胞。相關(guān)的研究成果刊登在了近日的國際雜志Nature上,。研究者識別出了和致病的或者抗炎性免疫細胞相關(guān)的基本信號分子,,這種信號分子在白細胞介素1β中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。信號分子存在的時候,,自身免疫的免疫細胞會發(fā)生功能性的破壞以及釋放相應(yīng)的炎性信使物質(zhì),;如果信號分子缺失,免疫細胞將會成熟變成抗炎性相似物,。更有意思的是,,這還是我們機體的微生物決定白細胞介素1β是否產(chǎn)生并且可以決定模式的選擇。
目前所發(fā)現(xiàn)的顯現(xiàn)可以促使研究者去尋找患有過度產(chǎn)生白細胞介素1β的病人,,這些病人是自體免疫系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥的患者,,尤其是孩子,經(jīng)常遭受多重的癥狀,,比如發(fā)燒,、關(guān)節(jié)炎和皮疹等。這些病癥的發(fā)展無人能夠解釋,。研究者們檢測了抗體封堵白細胞介素1β的方法是否能夠在免疫細胞中產(chǎn)生抗炎潛力,,事實上,引入這種治療方法后,,免疫細胞可以產(chǎn)生炎癥延遲信使分子,,并且產(chǎn)生記憶,,在長時間內(nèi)釋放信使分子物質(zhì)。
研究者Christina Zielinski表示,,我們確定,,微生物群落的不平衡性對于諸如風(fēng)濕、銀屑病等慢性炎性疾病有一種決定性的影響,。我們有機體攜帶的細菌是人體機體細胞的10倍以上,,如何維持其平衡性并不容易,白細胞介素1β如今被證明是一個決定性的分析開關(guān),,微生物可以用此開關(guān)來指揮機體是健康狀態(tài)還是發(fā)病狀態(tài),。研究者認為通過阻斷分子物質(zhì)來治療炎性疾病未來將非常有潛力,相比其它免疫治療方法來說,,這種免疫治療方法可以促使細胞轉(zhuǎn)變成抗炎細胞,,而不是失去抵御疾病的能力。(生物谷:T.Shen編譯)
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doi:10.1038/nature10957
PMC:
PMID:
Pathogen-induced human TH17 cells produce IFN-γ or IL-10 and are regulated by IL-1β
Christina E. Zielinski,1 Federico Mele,1 Dominik Aschenbrenner,1 David Jarrossay,1 Francesca Ronchi,1 Marco Gattorno,2 Silvia Monticelli,1 Antonio Lanzavecchia1, 3 & Federica Sallusto1
IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17) have been extensively investigated in mouse models of autoimmunity1. However, the requirements for differentiation and the properties of pathogen-induced human TH17 cells remain poorly defined. Using an approach that combines the in vitro priming of naive T cells with the ex vivo analysis of memory T cells, we describe here two types of human TH17 cells with distinct effector function and differentiation requirements. Candida albicans-specific TH17 cells produced IL-17 and IFN-γ, but no IL-10, whereas Staphylococcus aureus-specific TH17 cells produced IL-17 and could produce IL-10 upon restimulation. IL-6, IL-23 and IL-1β contributed to TH17 differentiation induced by both pathogens, but IL-1β was essential in C. albicans-induced TH17 differentiation to counteract the inhibitory activity of IL-12 and to prime IL-17/IFN-γ double-producing cells. In addition, IL-1β inhibited IL-10 production in differentiating and in memory TH17 cells, whereas blockade of IL-1β in vivo led to increased IL-10 production by memory TH17 cells. We also show that, after restimulation, TH17 cells transiently downregulated IL-17 production through a mechanism that involved IL-2-induced activation of STAT5 and decreased expression of ROR-γt. Taken together these findings demonstrate that by eliciting different cytokines C. albicans and S. aureus prime TH17 cells that produce either IFN-γ or IL-10, and identify IL-1β and IL-2 as pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators of TH17 cells both at priming and in the effector phase.