近日,,由美國兒科學(xué)會主辦的《兒科》(Pediatrics)月刊發(fā)表了芬蘭研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn),,養(yǎng)寵物家庭的嬰兒耳朵、呼吸系統(tǒng)感染的幾率比家中沒有寵物的嬰兒低,。研究人員并不清楚這一關(guān)聯(lián)的原因,,推測飼養(yǎng)寵物可能有助嬰兒增強免疫力。
保護關(guān)聯(lián)
這項研究結(jié)果基于397名芬蘭嬰兒父母的記錄,。這些父母從孩子出生后第9周至第52周,,每天記錄孩子的健康狀況。結(jié)果顯示,,飼養(yǎng)寵物貓,、狗的家庭,嬰兒出現(xiàn)呼吸系統(tǒng)感染癥狀,,包括咳嗽,、哮喘、鼻炎和發(fā)燒的幾率低30%,,耳朵感染幾率低大約一半,。
法新社9日援引芬蘭庫奧皮奧大學(xué)醫(yī)院研究人員的話報道:“如果孩子在家中與狗或貓接觸,他們在研究期間的健康狀況明顯更佳,。”
研究人員在論文中寫道,,那些家中寵物狗、一天最多在室內(nèi)待6小時的嬰兒與家中不養(yǎng)狗或者寵物狗,、常在室外的嬰兒相比,,這種保護關(guān)聯(lián)更加明顯。研究人員說,,寵物貓雖然也有保護作用,但不如寵物狗,。
論文說:“我們提供初步證據(jù)顯示,,飼養(yǎng)寵物狗可能有助人們在生命第一年抵御呼吸系統(tǒng)感染。”
或增免疫
不過,,研究人員并不清楚這種關(guān)聯(lián)的原因,。
研究人員說:“我們推測,接觸動物可能有助免疫系統(tǒng)成熟,,使免疫系統(tǒng)能夠更好地發(fā)揮作用,,縮短感染周期。”
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,即便考慮其他可能加重感染的風(fēng)險,,譬如不吃早飯、進保育院,、由吸煙者撫養(yǎng),、父母患哮喘,、家中有兄、姐等,,飼養(yǎng)寵物與感染減少這種關(guān)聯(lián)依然明顯,。
除耳部和呼吸系統(tǒng)感染減少外,與那些在不養(yǎng)寵物的家庭中長大的嬰兒相比,,經(jīng)常與寵物狗接觸的嬰兒接受治療時使用抗生素的時間更短,。
仍需注意
對有小孩的家庭而言,飼養(yǎng)寵物的利弊素有爭議,。一些研究結(jié)果顯示,,低齡兒童與毛茸茸的寵物生活在同一屋檐下毫無益處;另外一些研究則認(rèn)定,,與動物接觸有助降低感冒和胃病幾率,。
芬蘭研究人員說,他們的研究有別于先前一些研究,,因為它只關(guān)注嬰兒,,不涉及年齡稍長的兒童。
不管如何,,飼養(yǎng)寵物最好有所注意,。德國巴特博克萊特微生物學(xué)和感染性流行病學(xué)家安德烈亞斯·施瓦茨科普夫建議,飼養(yǎng)寵物的家庭必須給孩子立下幾條特殊規(guī)矩,,以確保孩子和寵物的健康,,包括吃飯前必須洗手,切勿親吻寵物鼻子,,盡量不要把寵物放在臥室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)等,。
他還建議,寵物必須接種動物疾病疫苗,,飼養(yǎng)者每年應(yīng)為寵物驅(qū)蟲4次,。家長還需確保寵物不受虱子侵?jǐn)_,定期為毛發(fā)長的貓和狗梳毛,。(生物谷Bioon.com )
doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2825
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PMID:
Respiratory Tract Illnesses During the First Year of Life: Effect of Dog and Cat Contacts
Eija Bergroth, MDa, Sami Remes, MD, PhDa, Juha Pekkanen, MD, PhDb,c, Timo Kauppila, MScb, Gisela Büchele, PhDd, and Leea Keski-Nisula, MD, PhDb,e
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of dog and cat contacts on the frequency of respiratory symptoms and infections during the first year of life. METHODS: In this birth cohort study, 397 children were followed up from pregnancy onward, and the frequency of respiratory symptoms and infections together with information about dog and cat contacts during the first year of life were reported by using weekly diaries and a questionnaire at the age of 1 year. All the children were born in eastern or middle Finland between September 2002 and May 2005. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, children having dogs at home were healthier (ie, had fewer respiratory tract symptoms or infections) than children with no dog contacts (adjusted odds ratio, [aOR]: 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.52). Furthermore, children having dog contacts at home had less frequent otitis (aOR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38–0.81) and tended to need fewer courses of antibiotics (aOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52–0.96) than children without such contacts. In univariate analysis, both the weekly amount of contact with dogs and cats and the average yearly amount of contact were associated with decreased respiratory infectious disease morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that dog contacts may have a protective effect on respiratory tract infections during the first year of life. Our findings support the theory that during the first year of life, animal contacts are important, possibly leading to better resistance to infectious respiratory illnesses during childhood.