2012年10月29日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --運(yùn)送物質(zhì)從一部位到目的地,,人體需要的先進(jìn)的運(yùn)輸和分揀系統(tǒng)。細(xì)胞內(nèi)和細(xì)胞上的各種受體識別特定的分子,,確保免疫細(xì)胞被運(yùn)送到正確的地方,。這些受體之一就是Sortilin。它存在于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),、肝臟和免疫系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞中,。Stefanie Herda博士等最新研究證實(shí)受體Sortilin在免疫系統(tǒng)的功能中起著重要作用,相關(guān)研究論文發(fā)表在Immunity雜志上,。
在疾病過程中,,整個(gè)身體的免疫系統(tǒng)T細(xì)胞去巡邏。如果他們遇到了被病毒感染的細(xì)胞,,它們綁定它并分泌物質(zhì),,以確保目標(biāo)細(xì)胞死亡。這些物質(zhì)之一是顆粒酶A,,顆粒酶A貫通被感染的細(xì)胞,,并誘導(dǎo)程序性細(xì)胞死亡,。此外,免疫細(xì)胞分泌γ-干擾素,,誘導(dǎo)周圍的細(xì)胞具有更強(qiáng)的免疫反應(yīng),。
細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞、輔助性T細(xì)胞和自然殺傷細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生γ-干擾素,。它增強(qiáng)了免疫細(xì)胞的活性,,并誘導(dǎo)身體其他細(xì)胞越來越多地提呈其表面病原體片段,從而使T細(xì)胞能夠更容易地找到受影響的細(xì)胞,。為了方便運(yùn)輸T細(xì)胞內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的干擾素-γ到細(xì)胞膜,,并在細(xì)胞膜被釋放,細(xì)胞使用其內(nèi)部處理和運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)高爾基體,。
如果想象高爾基體為一個(gè)郵局,,Sortilin的任務(wù)是包裝干擾素-γ,并運(yùn)送他們的目的地,。但是,如果沒有Sortilin,,干擾素-γ就不能傳遞,,并保持在郵局,也就是在高爾基體中,。相應(yīng)地,,在血清中,即細(xì)胞外只存在較少的干擾素-γ,。因此,,γ-干擾素的減少并不是有生成減少導(dǎo)致的,而是由運(yùn)輸減少,,最終到達(dá)目的地的減少所導(dǎo)致的,。
雖然γ-干擾素的運(yùn)輸在沒有Sortilin時(shí)被破壞,但直接破壞病變細(xì)胞的顆粒酶A的運(yùn)輸變得更有效,。顆粒酶A使用其他運(yùn)輸途徑,,該途徑依賴于多個(gè)受體組成的復(fù)合物。這種復(fù)雜分子包括VAMP7,。
因此,,Sortilin以相反的方式影響關(guān)鍵免疫效應(yīng)分子的兩個(gè)不同傳輸途徑。沒有Sortilin,,只有少量的γ-干擾素被運(yùn)出到血液中,,而顆粒酶A.水平有提高,但顆粒酶A濃度增加不能補(bǔ)償干擾素γ的不足,。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.012
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The Sorting Receptor Sortilin Exhibits a Dual Function in Exocytic Trafficking of Interferon-γ and Granzyme A in T Cells.
Herda S, Raczkowski F, Mittrücker HW, Willimsky G, Gerlach K, Kühl AA, Breiderhoff T, Willnow TE, Drken B, Hpken UE, Rehm A.
Immunological control of infections or tumors depends on the release of effector cytokines and polarized secretion of cytotoxic granules from T cells and natural killer cells. Here we show that the sorting receptor Sortilin controlled both processes. In murine Sortilin-deficient cytotoxic T lymphocytes, regulated secretion of granzyme A and cytotoxic killing was enhanced and correlated with increased vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 availability. In contrast, loss of Sortilin reduced the release of interferon-γ upon infections and in autoimmune colitis. Exit of interferon-γ from the Golgi apparatus required the presence of Sortilin. Furthermore, we tracked the transport route of interferon-γ beyond this Sortilin-dependent Golgi to early endosome step. In wild-type T cells, trafficking of interferon-γ from the endosomal sorting platform to the plasma membrane proceeded independently of recycling endosomes, and interferon-γ remained excluded from late endosomes. Our results suggest that Sortilin modulates systemic immune responses through exocytic sorting of immunological effector molecules.