2012年11月26日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --一項(xiàng)發(fā)表在Nature Biotechnology雜志上最新研究成果中,，研究人員創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新類型的流感疫苗,。該疫苗是基于信使核糖核酸（mRNA）設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的,，并且新疫苗能在數(shù)周內(nèi)制造出來(lái),，而不需數(shù)個(gè)月時(shí)間,。
RNA是遺傳信息的載體,。mRNA是RNA分子的一種類型,，在蛋白質(zhì)合成時(shí)充當(dāng)模板的RNA,。 其功能是攜帶遺傳信息,，從脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）轉(zhuǎn)錄合成的帶有遺傳信息的一類單鏈核糖核酸（RNA）。它在核糖體上作為蛋白質(zhì)合成的模板,，決定肽鏈的氨基酸排列順序,。
動(dòng)物或人引入已預(yù)編程成特定蛋白質(zhì)的mRNA，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)可預(yù)見(jiàn)的免疫反應(yīng),。研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō),，他所設(shè)計(jì)的疫苗能給小鼠，雪貂和豬起免疫保護(hù)作用,。
目前,，常規(guī)疫苗制造占用到數(shù)個(gè)月時(shí)間。而新疫苗只需六個(gè)星期的生產(chǎn)周期,。研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō),，迄今為止，它已證明新疫苗對(duì)預(yù)防流感癥狀與傳統(tǒng)疫苗一樣有效,。研究人員還報(bào)告,，該疫苗可很容易大批量制造，此外與其他流感疫苗不同的是,，新類型疫苗不需要冷藏,。
他們還指出,，除了給實(shí)驗(yàn)中平均年齡動(dòng)物提高免疫力外，新疫苗對(duì)很年輕,，很老的小鼠也同樣有效,。到目前為止，該團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)測(cè)試了疫苗對(duì)幾類流感病毒其中包括H1N1pdm09,，豬流感和H5N1禽流感病毒,，并發(fā)現(xiàn)它對(duì)上述所有病毒都有效。但是否對(duì)人體有效現(xiàn)在還不知道,，有待于進(jìn)一步研究觀察,。（生物谷：Bioon.com）
doi:10.1038/nbt.2436
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PMID:
Protective efficacy of in vitro synthesized, specific mRNA vaccines against influenza A virus infection
Benjamin Petsch,Margit Schnee,Annette B Vogel,Elke Lange, et al.
Despite substantial improvements, influenza vaccine production—and availability—remain suboptimal. Influenza vaccines based on mRNA may offer a solution as sequence-matched, clinical-grade material could be produced reliably and rapidly in a scalable process, allowing quick response to the emergence of pandemic strains. Here we show that mRNA vaccines induce balanced, long-lived and protective immunity to influenza A virus infections in even very young and very old mice and that the vaccine remains protective upon thermal stress. This vaccine format elicits B and T cell–dependent protection and targets multiple antigens, including the highly conserved viral nucleoprotein, indicating its usefulness as a cross-protective vaccine. In ferrets and pigs, mRNA vaccines induce immunological correlates of protection and protective effects similar to those of a licensed influenza vaccine in pigs. Thus, mRNA vaccines could address substantial medical need in the area of influenza prophylaxis and the broader realm of anti-infective vaccinology.
