8月出版的《自然—免疫學(xué)》報(bào)道了一種免疫機(jī)制，利用該機(jī)制,，小鼠身體可以繞開病毒為躲避免疫系統(tǒng)的攻擊以及產(chǎn)生慢性感染而實(shí)施的策略,。
Zhenghong Yuan等人研究了外顯子組（一種從細(xì)胞獲得的小泡）在控制小鼠體內(nèi)肝炎病毒方面所起到的作用,。外顯子組一旦從細(xì)胞中釋放出來,，便會(huì)在細(xì)胞間通訊中發(fā)揮重要作用,，但有關(guān)外顯子組在免疫方面的研究還是寥寥無幾,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)肝臟中肝炎病毒的存在會(huì)刺激外顯子組從抗感染肝臟固有細(xì)胞比如庫普弗細(xì)胞中釋放出來,，并將其輸送到病毒易感肝細(xì)胞處,。這些外顯子組含有高濃度的各種抗病毒分子，干細(xì)胞可利用這些分子來抵抗病毒感染,。
研究人員相信外顯子組中如此多種的抗病毒分子使得病毒很難進(jìn)化出針對其中一種或多種的躲避機(jī)制，因此,，利用外顯子組實(shí)現(xiàn)的這一大團(tuán)抗病毒分子的輸送算得上是一種有效的免疫武器,。此外，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)阻斷外顯子組會(huì)增加小鼠的肝炎發(fā)生,，所以引發(fā)外顯子組的釋放能在特定治療某些病毒感染時(shí)發(fā)揮有利作用,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature Immunology doi:10.1038/ni.2647
Exosomes mediate the cell-to-cell transmission of IFN-α-induced antiviral activity
Jianhua Li,1 Kuancheng Liu,1 Yang Liu,1 Yan Xu,1 Fei Zhang,1 Huijuan Yang,1 Jiangxia Liu,1 Tingting Pan,1 Jieliang Chen,1 Min Wu,2 Xiaohui Zhou3 & Zhenghong Yuan1, 2
The cell-to-cell transmission of viral resistance is a potential mechanism for amplifying the interferon-induced antiviral response. In this study, we report that interferon-α (IFN-α) induced the transfer of resistance to hepatitis B virus (HBV) from nonpermissive liver nonparenchymal cells (LNPCs) to permissive hepatocytes via exosomes. Exosomes from IFN-α-treated LNPCs were rich in molecules with antiviral activity. Moreover, exosomes from LNPCs were internalized by hepatocytes, which mediated the intercellular transfer of antiviral molecules. Finally, we found that exosomes also contributed to the antiviral response of IFN-α to mouse hepatitis virus A59 and adenovirus in mice. Thus, we propose an antiviral mechanism of IFN-α activity that involves the induction and intercellular transfer of antiviral molecules via exosomes.
